Deep desulfurization of liquid fuels with molecular oxygen through graphene photocatalytic oxidation

Controllable preparation of highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles for enhanced catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene in fuels

“…In oxidation reactions that use H 2 O 2 as an oxidant, there are usually two types of active species, • O 2 − radicals and • OH − radicals . To identify which kinds of radicals were mainly produced during the reaction, radical trapping experiments were conducted using the oxidation of DBT, and the results are shown in Figure .…”

“…In order to reduce the SO x present in the environment caused by the burning of sulfide in fuels, a series of policies and regulations have been set up to limit the amount of sulfur in fuels . The traditional way in industry to remove sulfur‐containing compounds is hydrodesulfurization (HDS), which is efficient, but harsh conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, and a great amount of hydrogen consumption are essential . Meanwhile, dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives, the main sulfides in gasoline, are most difficult to remove by conventional HDS processes under mild conditions .…”

Nanocarbons for Catalytic Desulfurization

“…Furthermore, by using graphene oxide (GO) as an excellent photocatalyst, Wang and co-workers have developed as imple extraction and photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (EPODS) system for the deep desulfurizationo fl iquid fuels. [14] They use acetonitrile to extract the sulfur compounds from the model oil and then oxidize them to high-polarity products by using reactive oxygen speciesu nder UV radiation.T hey have performed systematic investigationstostudy the influence of aromatic hydrocarbonsinthe EPODSand note that the introduction of tetralin and naphthaleneb oths uppress the photooxidation of DBT.B yc omparing the fresh and used catalysts by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Ramans pectroscopy,X PS, and attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy,i ti sr evealed that ad ecrease in the DBT-removal efficiency of the used catalyst is caused by accumulationo fo xidized products in the acetonitrile phase and alteration of the structure and oxygen groups of GO. Mechanistic investigationss uggest that the reactive oxygen species HO 2 C and HOC,w hich are generated at the defects ites and the zigzag edges of GO, are responsible for the oxidation of DBT to DBTOa nd then DBTO 2 .T he proposed mechanism for the whole EPODS process is depicted in Figure 4.…”

“…140 -0.51 [20] 7CNTs140 -5.90 [13] 8rGO-425 140 -7.19 [12] 9Fe 2 O 3 RT sunlight 1.77 [21] 10 GO 25 UV 38.52 [14] [a] Reactionr ates are normalized by the catalystw eight.…”

Z-Scheme Photocatalyst Constructed by Natural Attapulgite and Upconversion Rare Earth Materials for Desulfurization

“…Therefore, it is imperative to develop new desulfurization technology to satisfy fuel purification (Liu et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2018). The conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) has been extensively used in removing sulfur compound in fuel, which requires high temperature, pressure and expensive hydrogen (Wang et al, 2016; Zeng et al, 2017). Owing to the drawbacks of HDS for removing sulfur compound, many alternative strategies have been developed, including extractive desulfurization (Raj et al, 2017), oxidative desulfurization (Khodadadi Dizaji et al, 2018), biodesulfurization (Agarwal et al, 2016) and adsorption desulfurization (Yang et al, 2018).…”