Deep cultivation of a sandy clay loam II. Effects on soil hydraulic properties and on root growth, water extraction and water stress in 1977, especially of broad beans

Rowse, H. R.; Stone, D.A.

doi:10.1016/0167-1987(80)90021-5

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the field, therefore, the effects of compaction would likely be less under conditions of high rainfall. However, compaction also reduces drainage (Rowse and Stone 1980) and, under field conditions, if rainfall were excessive, compacted soils (especially clay) would be more likely to flood with consequent adverse effects (Wolfe et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean

Buttery¹,

Tan²,

Drury³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 571-576. In field tests we have observed year-to-year differences in the severity of the effects of soil compaction on nodulation and growth of common bean; these differences appeared to be related to the amount of rainfall during the growing season. We decided to use better controlled conditions in the greenhouse, and extend the scope of the study to another legume crop and a different soil type, in order to investigate the hypothesis that copious water supply alleviates the adverse effects of soil compaction on nodulation and plant growth.The effects of two levels of soil compaction and of high and low water supply on the growth and nodulation of common bean and soybean were investigated in separate pot tests using a Fox sandy loam and a Brookston clay loam soil.Root growth of both species was severely restricted by dry compacted conditions. Plant growth as a whole was clearly reduced by both increased compaction and by reduced water supply, presumably mediated by the effects on root growth. The effect of reduced water supply was more severe in the highly compacted pots, and more severe in the clay loam than in the sandy loam.In the sandy loam, low moisture reduced nodule numbers and weights in both species, while increased bulk density reduced the numbers of nodules but not the dry weights. In the clay loam, nodule weights and numbers were very low, presumably, owing to high levels of nitrate, which may have resulted from mineralization of soil organic matter during storage.A generous supply of water obviously alleviated some of the adverse effects of soil compaction on plant growth. This is in general agreement with results of earlier field trials, where severity of the effects of soil compaction varied with the quantity of rainfall.Key words: Soybean, common bean, soil compaction, soil moisture, nodulation, bulk density Buttery, B. R., Tan, C. S., Drury, C. F., Park, S. J., Armstrong, R. J. et Park, K. Y. 1998. Effets de la compaction, de la teneur en eau du sol et du type de sol sur la croissance et sur la nodulation chez le soja et le haricot. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 571-576. Nous avons précédemment observé en essai, en vraie grandeur les différences interannuelles affectant la gravité des effets de la compaction du sol sur la nodulation et sur la croissance chez le haricot. Les différences paraissaient être reliées à la quantité de pluie tombée durant l'année précédente. Afin de vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle un apport abondant d'eau atténuerait les effets adverses de la compaction du sol sur la nodulation et sur la croissance, nous avons décidé de répéter l'expérience en serre, dans des conditions mieux maîtrisées en l'étendant cette fois à une autre légumineuse et à un type de sol différent. Nous avons donc examiné les effets de deux niveaux de compaction et de deux niveaux d'approvisionnement hydrique, l'un élevé, l'autre faible, sur la croissance et sur la nodula...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean

Buttery¹,

Tan²,

Drury³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Soil compaction increased bulk density and decreased water-holding capacity (Rowse and Stone 1980b). Plants in compacted soil showed more water stress and extracted less water and nutrient than the same plants grown under deep cultivation (Rowse and Stone 1980a,b (Lindemann et al 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Many soils used for bean production suffer from some degree of compaction, which commonly causes poor plant growth and low yields (Rosenberg 1964). Soil compaction, especially under wet conditions, eliminates many of the large-diameter pores that serve as pathways for the growth of roots, drainage of water and exchange ofgases (Rowse and Stone 1980b;Drew 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of soil compaction on nodulation and growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Buttery¹,

Tan²,

Park³

1994

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 1994. The effects of soil compaction on nodulation and growth of common bean (Phtseolus vulgaris L.). Can J. Plant Sci. 74: [287][288][289][290][291][292]. As part of an investigation of factors limiting nodulation in the field, cultivars of common bean were grown in a sandy loam soil that had been either deep tilled (DT) to reduce compaction or repeatedly rolled by a golf cart or by a tractor followed by a golf cart. In 1991 and 1992, the tractor-rolling treatment was replaced.by a conventional tillage sysiem. Nineteen cultivars were grown in 1990; 10, in 1991; and 4, in 1992.In general, soil compaction decreased plant growth-and yield but had no adverse effect on numbers or weights o-f nodules per plant. In 1990, nodule numbers and weighis were increased by compaction in the frrst sample, 35 d after planting. In a combined analysis of the four cultivars common to all 3 yr, nodule weight as a fraction of total plant weight was increased by compaction. Thus, compaction had a more severe effect on overall plant growth than on nodulation per se. Numbers and weights of nodules differed among the cultivars, but they all responded similarly to compaction. Cultivars yielded differently, depending on the degree of compaction (i.e., cultivar x compaction interaction), but, even so, the cultivar that had the highest yield in the DT plots also had the highest yield in the compacted plots. For most characteristics, the severity of the effects of compaction varied with the year, presumably in response to different weather conditions. planies, mais n'avait pas d'action n6gative sur le nombre de nodosit6 par plante. En 1990, le nombre et le poids des nodosit6 augmentes par la compaction dans le premieur pr6ldvement effectu6 35 jours aprEs le semis. L'analyse combin6e de quatre cultivars utilis6s dans toutes les trois annees r6v6lait que le poids des nodosites en proportion du poids de la plante entidre augmentait avec la compaction. Ainsi, la compaction avait un effet plus n6gatif sur la croissance de la plante que sur la nodulation. Le nombre et le poids des nodosites differait selon les cultivars, bien que la r6action ir la compaction ait 6tf la m€me chez tous. Les rendements des cultivars variaient selon le d'egr6 de compaction, c'est-lr-dire interaction cultivar x compaction, mais, mOme alors, le cultivar qui affichait le rendement le plus 6lev€ dans les parcelles sous-sol6es conservait ses avantages dans les parcelles compact6es. Pour la plupart des caractdres 6tudies, la gravit6 des bffects de la compaction variait d'une ann6e i I'autre, vraisemblablement i cause des diff6rentes conditions m6t6orologiques observ6es dans les trois ann6es.

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“…It has been suggested that compaction increases soil resistance and that plant roots have difficulty penetrating compacted soil layers (Li and Zhou 1994), leading to reduced nutrient uptake, particularly of less mobile nutrients (e.g., phosphorus). Soil compaction leads to increased bulk density (Rowse and Stone 1980) and reduces large-size pores that serve as pathways for drainage of water and exchange of gases (Drew 1983). As a result of the combination of these factors, plant height, leaf area and crop yield are often lower in compacted soil than in the surrounding field.…”

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confidence: 99%

Soil bulk density effects on soil microbial populations and enzyme activities during the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) planted in large pots under field exposure

Li¹,

Aba²,

Zhang³

2002

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Soil compaction associated with inappropriate maneuvering of field equipment, and/or modern cropping system negatively affect soil physical properties, and thus, may limit microbial activities and biochemical processes, which are important to nutrient bioavailability. An experiment was carried out using the pot-culture technique to determine the effect of bulk density on soil microbial populations and enzyme activities in an Eutric Cambisol sandy loam soil (United Nations’ classification) planted with maize (Zea mays L.) in the Experimental Farm of Henan Agricultural University, Henan, China (34°49′N, 113°40′E). Numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes and the enzyme activities of invertase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, urease, protease, and phosphatase were determined at various stages during the plant growing season. Microbial numbers were negatively and linearly related to soil bulk density. With increases in soil bulk density from 1.00 to 1.60 Mg m-3, total numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes declined by 26-39%. The strongest correlations between the soil microbial population and bulk density occurred at the plant growth stages of the 6 fully expanded leaf (V6) and anthesis (R1), with R2 > 0.90 (P< 0.01) for all three microorganism categories. Increasing soil bulk density was related quadratically to the activities of soil invertase and polyphenol oxidase, protease and catalase. It appears that the greatest activities of most soil enzymes occurred at a bulk density of 1.0 to 1.3 Mg m-3, which are optimum for most field crops. The plant growth stages also had an important impact on soil enzyme activities and microbial populations, with strong positive associations between soil microorganisms and enzyme activities with crop growth. Key words: Maize, soil enzymes, microbial population, soil compaction, bulk density, Zea mays

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Deep cultivation of a sandy clay loam II. Effects on soil hydraulic properties and on root growth, water extraction and water stress in 1977, especially of broad beans

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean

The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean

The effects of soil compaction on nodulation and growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Soil bulk density effects on soil microbial populations and enzyme activities during the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) planted in large pots under field exposure

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