Deep Carbon

Cycling of CO2 and N2 Along the Hikurangi Subduction Margin, New Zealand: An Integrated Geological, Theoretical, and Isotopic Approach

“…While Seward and Kerrick (1996) indirectly calculated a CO 2 flux of 0.38 Tg/yr for hydrothermal production throughout the North Island, Werner and Cardellini (2006) first showed that the diffuse emissions from individual hydrothermal systems in the TVZ are significant (e.g. 0.23 Tg/yr for the Rotorua system alone), and the region as a whole produces over 0.78 Tg CO 2 /yr (Werner et al, 2019).…”

First In-Situ Measurements of Plume Chemistry at Mount Garet Volcano, Island of Gaua (Vanuatu)

“…Our inferred CO 2 fluxes are especially relevant because they contribute new data to recent cataloguing efforts [19][20][21]29] [20,29] is~320 t d −1 ). Notably, our measured Gaua CO 2 flux is a factor~3 lower than the CO 2 flux (~745 t d −1 ) predicted by Aiuppa et al [21].…”

“…We caution, however, that our discussion is based on one single, brief campaign at Gaua, while more continuous and prolonged gas records would be required to fully capture the volcano's time-averaged degassing behavior and gas composition. Indeed, gas compositions exhibit both long-term changes in response to changes in volcano behavior (e.g., as persistent degassing activity transitions into unrest and finally eruption) [19], and also more subtle short-term changes related to rapid events of gas segregation and explosive burst. At Yasur volcano, for example, the bulk composition appears to have remained relatively stable since the 2000s, yet with CO 2 /S T ratios spanning between 1.6 and 2.2 [30][31][32].…”

“…However, global volcanic gas datasets [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] are still sparse and incomplete, largely due to the remote location of some volcanic centers, inaccessibility, social/political instability of geographic regions and/or high level of volcanic activity.…”

“…In addition to their great potential in eruption forecasting, these portable units have revolutionized our understanding of along-arc chemistry of volcanic gases at different regions of the world. Moreover, when combined with remotely sensed SO 2 fluxes, these measurements provide a means to constrain volcanic gas fluxes, especially CO 2 [17][18][19][20][21][26][27][28][29].…”