Deep Breathing Heart Rate Variability is Associated with Inspiratory Muscle Weakness in Chronic Heart Failure

Abstract

Patients with CHF presented impaired cardiac autonomic modulation at rest. In addition, cardiac autonomic control of heart rate was associated with inspiratory muscle weakness in CHF. Based on this evidence, recommendations for future research applications of respiratory muscle training can bring to light a potentially valuable target for rehabilitation.

The role of the inspiratory muscle weakness in functional capacity in hemodialysis patients

“…In addition, MIP measurement is easy and inexpensive, has few contraindications, does not require much space, and may aid in the stratification of patients eligible to perform functional assessment by exercise testing as well as in evaluating the effects of interventions on functional status. The inclusion of MIP evaluation in functional assessment protocols for hemodialysis patients may be clinically relevant, as IMW is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction (HR 1.48) and cardiovascular death (HR 1.54) in the general population [41] and has been associated with autonomic dysfunction in cardiovascular [42, 43] and pulmonary diseases [44]. It is important to note that the relationships between IMW and clinical parameters in ESRD, such as mortality and morbidity, should be further investigated.…”

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and its Association with Pain in Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome

“…The DBT consisted of slow and deep breaths, ranging from residual volume (maximal expiration) to total lung capacity (maximal inspiration). Each respiratory cycle was performed in 10 second (5 second of inspiration and 5 second of expiration), totaling 6 breaths per minute . The participants controlled their breathing rate with a pointer clock, and at the same time, verbal feedback was provided by the researcher based on observation of the visualized HR plot on a computer monitor, which confirmed if the respiratory cycle had been performed correctly.…”

“…The participants controlled their breathing rate with a pointer clock, and at the same time, verbal feedback was provided by the researcher based on observation of the visualized HR plot on a computer monitor, which confirmed if the respiratory cycle had been performed correctly. During data collection, the participants were asked not to talk or move …”

“…The expiration/inspiration (ratio E/I) ratio index was calculated from the ratio between the mean of the highest values of RR, obtained during the expiratory phase, and the mean of the lowest RR values, obtained during the expiratory phase of the DBT. The HR variation index (ΔFC) was calculated from the difference between the mean of the peak values of HR, obtained during the inspiratory phase, and the mean of the minimum values of HR, obtained during the expiratory phase of the DBT …”

Ajustes cardiorrespiratórios durante a manobra de acentuação da arritmia sinusal respiratória: influência do tempo da manobra sobre o volume minuto, fração expirada de CO2 e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca

“…This phenomenon is known as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) [9][10][11] . During the inspiratory phase, there is inhibition of the parasympathetic ANS and consequent increase in HR, while, during the expiratory phase, there is recovery of the parasympathetic ANS and decrease in HR 9 .…”