Deep and shallow long-period volcanic seismicity linked by fluid-pressure transfer

Shapiro, N. M.; Дрознин, Д. В.; Droznina, S.; Senyukov, S.; Gusev, Alexander; Gordeev, E.

doi:10.1038/ngeo2952

Cited by 108 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In these volcanoes intermediate chambers exist, but these storage regions are ephemeral and are continuously connected during the eruptive cycle and the ultimate pressure source of the eruption is the deep magma chamber (Figure a). This hydraulic connection between deep and shallow reservoirs during eruptions has been recently suggested by Shapiro et al () by analyzing seismic data at the Klyuchevskoy volcanic group. In more silicic magma systems, magma ascent is slower and more difficult.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Influence of Plumbing System Structure on Volcano Dimensions and Topography

2017

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Volcano morphology has been traditionally studied from a descriptive point of view, but in this work we took a different more quantitative perspective. Here we used volcano dimensions such as height and basal radius, together with the topographic profile as indicators of key plumbing system properties. We started by coupling models for the ascent of magma and extrusion of lava flows with those for volcano edifice construction. We modeled volcanic edifices as a pile of lavas that are emitted from a single vent and reduce in volume with time. We then selected a number of arc‐volcano examples to test our physical relationships and estimate parameters, which were compared with independent methods. Our results indicate that large volcanoes (>2,000 m height and base radius >10 km) usually are basaltic systems with overpressured sources located at more than 15 km depth. On the other hand, smaller volcanoes (<2,000 m height and basal radius <10 km) are associated with more evolved systems where the chambers feeding eruptions are located at shallower levels in the crust (<10 km). We find that surface observations on height and basal radius of a volcano and its lavas can give estimates of fundamental properties of the plumbing system, specifically the depth and size of the magma chamber feeding eruptions, as the structure of the magmatic system determines the morphology of the volcanic edifice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Influence of Plumbing System Structure on Volcano Dimensions and Topography

2017

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“…Of note, is that the relationship between log 10 M 0 and M L has a gradient closer to 1 rather than the expected value of 2/3 (Kanamori, 1977). The higher gradient for low magnitude events (M L < 3), was previously seen in Southern California (Shearer et al, 2006). As such, we calculate the moment magnitude for the events using…”

Section: Earthquake Magnitudesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low-frequency earthquakes beneath Tullu Moye volcano, Ethiopia, reveal fluid pulses from shallow magma chamber

Greenfield

Keir

Kendall

et al. 2019

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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The active magmatic processes beneath volcanoes in continental rifts is poorly understood. For example, until recently in the East African rift (EAR), the majority of the young volcanoes were thought to be inactive. More recent studies have shown that numerous volcanoes in the EAR are seismically active and deforming rapidly. However, an unambiguous sign of actively degassing magma hosted in shallow magma bodies has eluded most investigators. Here we present detailed analysis of the first low-frequency (LF) earthquake swarms to be observed in the Main Ethiopian Rift. The earthquakes locate to beneath Tullu Moye volcano and are directly related to the presence of a shallow magma body with a high fluid content. Using spectral modelling we show that the LF earthquakes appear to have low stress-drops (1-50 kPa) which we interpret in terms of low rupture velocities and high pore-fluid pressure. Careful relocation of the LF earthquakes place them approximately 4 km below the surface within one of two possible clusters. However, analysis of the correlation between earthquake waveforms show that each swarm contains a range of earthquake families and as such a diversity of earthquake source mechanisms. To explain these observations, we propose the seismicity is induced by H 2 O/CO 2 fluid pulses from the shallow magma body into a highly fractured region. Fluid pulses cause high pore fluid pressures, which also cause the low rupture velocities.

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“…During eruptions, continuous tremor signals can be located (Droznin et al, ), tracked (Soubestre et al, ), and associated with a volcanic source based on their characteristic network‐based tremor fingerprint (Soubestre et al, ). Long‐period seismicity (Shapiro et al, ) occurs both at shallow depths, less than 5 km, and also at around 30 km depth, the inferred location of a gradational crust–mantle transition (Nikulin et al, ). The deep long period seismicity is more active during repose periods and surges in deep seismicity transfer into elevated shallow activity, which immediately precedes eruptions (Fedotov & Zharinov, ; Senyukov et al, ; Shapiro, Droznin, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long‐period seismicity (Shapiro et al, ) occurs both at shallow depths, less than 5 km, and also at around 30 km depth, the inferred location of a gradational crust–mantle transition (Nikulin et al, ). The deep long period seismicity is more active during repose periods and surges in deep seismicity transfer into elevated shallow activity, which immediately precedes eruptions (Fedotov & Zharinov, ; Senyukov et al, ; Shapiro, Droznin, et al, ). The fast migration suggests good connectivity between deep magma reservoirs and the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magmatic and Sedimentary Structure beneath the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group, Kamchatka, From Ambient Noise Tomography

et al. 2020

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The Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group is a cluster of the world's most active subduction volcanoes, situated on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. The volcanoes lie in an unusual off‐arc position within the Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD), a large sedimentary basin whose origin is not fully understood. Many gaps also remain in the knowledge of the crustal magmatic plumbing system of these volcanoes. We conducted an ambient noise surface wave tomography, to image the 3‐D shear wave velocity structure of the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group and CKD within the surrounding region. Vertical component cross correlations of the continuous seismic noise are used to measure interstation Rayleigh wave group and phase traveltimes. We perform a two‐step surface wave tomography to model the 3‐D Vsv velocity structure. For each inversion stage we use a transdimensional Bayesian Monte Carlo approach, with coupled uncertainty propagation. This ensures that our model provides a reliable 3‐D velocity image of the upper 15 km of the crust, as well as a robust assessment of the uncertainty in the observed structure. Beneath the active volcanoes, we image small slow velocity anomalies at depths of 2–5 km but find no evidence for magma storage regions deeper than 5 km—noting the 15 km depth limit of the model. We also map two clearly defined sedimentary layers within the CKD, revealing an extensive 8 km deep sedimentary accumulation. This volume of sediments is consistent with the possibility that the CKD was formed as an Eocene‐Pliocene fore‐arc regime, rather than by recent (<2 Ma) back‐arc extension.

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Deep and shallow long-period volcanic seismicity linked by fluid-pressure transfer

Cited by 108 publications

References 35 publications

The Influence of Plumbing System Structure on Volcano Dimensions and Topography

The Influence of Plumbing System Structure on Volcano Dimensions and Topography

Low-frequency earthquakes beneath Tullu Moye volcano, Ethiopia, reveal fluid pulses from shallow magma chamber

Magmatic and Sedimentary Structure beneath the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group, Kamchatka, From Ambient Noise Tomography

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