Deep and cold: are Boreal and Arctic finned octopods, Stauroteuthis syrtensis and Cirroteuthis muelleri (Cephalopoda, Octopoda, Cirrata), ecological analogues?

Golikov, Alexey V.; Artemev, Gleb M.; Blicher, Martin E.; Guðmundsson, Guðmundur A.; Jørgensen, Lis Lindal; Ólafsdóttir, Steinunn H.; Walkusz, Wojciech; Zakharov, Denis V.; Зимина, О. Л.; Sabirov, Rushan M.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103706

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The observed octopods were identified as C. muelleri , the only cirrate so far known from the region [15,28,29]. The absolute and relative body dimensions of the observed octopods (except for fin width in some individuals) fit with the morphometrics of fixed individuals [22] and in situ observations [47] of C. muelleri .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Miles down for lunch: deep-sea in situ observations of Arctic finned octopods Cirroteuthis muelleri suggest pelagic–benthic feeding migration

Golikov,

Stauffer,

Schindler

et al. 2023

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Deep-sea cephalopods are diverse, abundant, and poorly understood. The Cirrata are gelatinous finned octopods and among the deepest-living cephalopods ever recorded. Their natural feeding behaviour remains undocumented. During deep-sea surveys in the Arctic, we observed Cirroteuthis muelleri . Octopods were encountered with their web spread wide, motionless and drifting in the water column 500–2600 m from the seafloor. Individuals of C. muelleri were also repeatedly observed on the seafloor where they exhibited a repeated, behavioural sequence interpreted as feeding. The sequence (11–21 s) consisted of arm web spreading, enveloping and retreating. Prey capture happened during the enveloping phase and lasted 5–49 s. Numerous traces of feeding activity were also observed on the seafloor. The utilization of the water column for drifting and the deep seafloor for feeding is a novel migration behaviour for cephalopods, but known from gelatinous fishes and holothurians. By benthic feeding, the octopods benefit from the enhanced nutrient availability on the seafloor. Drifting in the water column may be an energetically efficient way of transportation while simultaneously avoiding seafloor-associated predators. In situ observations are indispensable to discover the behaviour of abundant megafauna, and the energetic coupling between the pelagic and benthic deep sea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The cirri may be used to scan the seafloor for prey during feeding sequences and also help manipulating the entrapped prey towards the oral cavity as in other cirrates [24]. External glands around the lips [22] may facilitate capture or transport of food and explain the release of mucus as observed in this study, and in other cirrates [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miles down for lunch: deep-sea in situ observations of Arctic finned octopods Cirroteuthis muelleri suggest pelagic–benthic feeding migration

Golikov,

Stauffer,

Schindler

et al. 2023

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Cephalopoda (Phylum Mollusca) are an abundant group of marine invertebrates in Arctic marine ecosystems, are known to respond rapidly to environmental change, and have a pivotal role in the food web [ 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Eleven species of cephalopods complete their life cycle in the Arctic [ 23 , 30 ], and they are ecologically important due to their high abundances and biomasses [ 29 , 31 , 32 ]. For example, cirrate octopod density can reach up to 94 ind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, cirrate octopod density can reach up to 94 ind. km −2 in the Baffin Bay [ 29 ], and squid cumulative biomass is estimated up to 20 million t in the Nordic Seas [ 31 ]. They prey on many pelagic and benthic invertebrates and fish and are key prey for top predators such as larger fish, seabirds, and marine mammals [ 23 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…km −2 in the Baffin Bay [ 29 ], and squid cumulative biomass is estimated up to 20 million t in the Nordic Seas [ 31 ]. They prey on many pelagic and benthic invertebrates and fish and are key prey for top predators such as larger fish, seabirds, and marine mammals [ 23 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 ]. Additionally, Arctic cephalopods occupy various ecological niches and habitats, i.e., pelagic, benthic, nekton, nekto-benthic, and bentho-pelagic [ 23 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life History of the Arctic Squid Gonatus fabricii (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) Reconstructed by Analysis of Individual Ontogenetic Stable Isotopic Trajectories

Golikov

Ceia

Hoving

et al. 2022

Animals

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Cephalopods are important in Arctic marine ecosystems as predators and prey, but knowledge of their life cycles is poor. Consequently, they are under-represented in the Arctic ecosystems assessment models. One important parameter is the change in ecological role (habitat and diet) associated with individual ontogenies. Here, the life history of Gonatus fabricii, the most abundant Arctic cephalopod, is reconstructed by the analysis of individual ontogenetic trajectories of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in archival hard body structures. This approach allows the prediction of the exact mantle length (ML) and mass when the species changes its ecological role. Our results show that the life history of G. fabricii is divided into four stages, each having a distinct ecology: (1) epipelagic squid (ML < 20 mm), preying mostly on copepods; (2) epi- and occasionally mesopelagic squid (ML 20–50 mm), preying on larger crustaceans, fish, and cephalopods; (3) meso- and bathypelagic squid (ML > 50 mm), preying mainly on fish and cephalopods; and (4) non-feeding bathypelagic gelatinous females (ML > 200 mm). Existing Arctic ecosystem models do not reflect the different ecological roles of G. fabricii correctly, and the novel data provided here are a necessary baseline for Arctic ecosystem modelling and forecasting.

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Effects of fixation and long-term preservation on finned octopods (Cephalopoda: Cirrata)

Ziegler,

Sagorny

2023

Mar Biol

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Among mollusks, the octopods stand out due to the almost entire absence of a stabilizing shell, potentially rendering these organisms susceptible to deformation caused by fixation and preservation. Such artifacts have previously been shown to occur especially in specimens of the deep-sea taxon Cirrata, the finned octopods. As an adaptation to their extreme habitat, many cirrates are composed of (semi-)gelatinous tissues, which are particularly prone to distortion, shrinkage, and deformation following fixation and preservation. Using one or more species from each of the eight currently recognized cirrate genera, the present study provides pre- and post-fixation color imagery of entire specimens as well as measurements of taxonomically relevant characters. These novel data illustrate the sometimes drastic effects that short- and long-term chemical treatment entails for this cephalopod taxon. Both structural and color changes may occur when finned octopods are fixed and preserved using routine protocols. However, shrinkage does not occur uniformly in all taxonomically relevant structures. The consequences of such a treatment for species descriptions and identification are discussed and existing anaesthetization, fixation and preservation protocols are summarized.

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Deep and cold: are Boreal and Arctic finned octopods, Stauroteuthis syrtensis and Cirroteuthis muelleri (Cephalopoda, Octopoda, Cirrata), ecological analogues?

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Miles down for lunch: deep-sea in situ observations of Arctic finned octopods Cirroteuthis muelleri suggest pelagic–benthic feeding migration

Miles down for lunch: deep-sea in situ observations of Arctic finned octopods Cirroteuthis muelleri suggest pelagic–benthic feeding migration

Life History of the Arctic Squid Gonatus fabricii (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) Reconstructed by Analysis of Individual Ontogenetic Stable Isotopic Trajectories

Effects of fixation and long-term preservation on finned octopods (Cephalopoda: Cirrata)

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