Decreasing ventromedial prefrontal cortex deactivation in risky decision making after simulated microgravity: effects of âˆ’6Â° head-down tilt bed rest

Rao, Li‐Lin; Zhou, Yuan; Liang, Zhu‐Yuan; Rao, Henyi; Zheng, Rui; Sun, Yan; Tan, Chongqing; Xiao, Yi; Tian, Zhiqiang; Chen, Xiaoping; Wang, Chunhui; Bai, Yanqiang; Chen, Shanguang; Li, Shu

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00187

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Third, negative parameter estimates were observed for several brain regions in our study. In particular, parameter estimates for vmPFC and precuneus were negative in all conditions, indicating a “deactivation” instead of an “activation.” Previous studies on decision‐making have observed both vmPFC activations [Aoki et al, ; Tabibnia et al, ; Tricomi et al, ] and deactivations [Rao et al, ; Sakaiya et al, ; Xiang et al, ; Zaki and Mitchell, ]. Notably, deactivations of vmPFC do not confound the interpretation of its functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Diffusion of responsibility attenuates altruistic punishment: A functional magnetic resonance imaging effective connectivity study

Feng

Deshpande

Liu

et al. 2015

Human Brain Mapping

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Humans altruistically punish violators of social norms to enforce cooperation and pro-social behaviors. However, such altruistic behaviors diminish when others are present, due to a diffusion of responsibility. We investigated the neural signatures underlying the modulations of diffusion of responsibility on altruistic punishment, conjoining a third-party punishment task with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate Granger causality mapping. In our study, participants acted as impartial third-party decision-makers and decided how to punish norm violations under two different social contexts: alone (i.e., full responsibility) or in the presence of putative other third-party decision makers (i.e., diffused responsibility). Our behavioral results demonstrated that the diffusion of responsibility served as a mediator of context-dependent punishment. In the presence of putative others, participants who felt less responsible also punished less severely in response to norm violations. Our neural results revealed that underlying this behavioral effect was a network of interconnected brain regions. For unfair relative to fair splits, the presence of others led to attenuated responses in brain regions implicated in signaling norm violations (e.g., AI) and to increased responses in brain regions implicated in calculating values of norm violations (e.g., vmPFC, precuneus) and mentalizing about others (dmPFC). The dmPFC acted as the driver of the punishment network, modulating target regions, such as AI, vmPFC, and precuneus, to adjust altruistic punishment behavior. Our results uncovered the neural basis of the influence of diffusion of responsibility on altruistic punishment and highlighted the role of the mentalizing network in this important phenomenon. Hum Brain Mapp 37:663-677, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Diffusion of responsibility attenuates altruistic punishment: A functional magnetic resonance imaging effective connectivity study

Feng

Deshpande

Liu

et al. 2015

Human Brain Mapping

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“…63 They implemented the Balloon Analog Risk Task tool 64 to assess risk-taking. In general, they found no effect of bed rest on risk-taking behavior; however, they did find a significant deactivation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) post-HDBR when compared to before.…”

Section: Overview and Critical Appraisal Of The Current Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Spaceflight-induced neuroplasticity in humans as measured by MRI: what do we know so far?

et al. 2017

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Space travel poses an enormous challenge on the human body; microgravity, ionizing radiation, absence of circadian rhythm, confinement and isolation are just some of the features associated with it. Obviously, all of the latter can have an impact on human physiology and even induce detrimental changes. Some organ systems have been studied thoroughly under space conditions, however, not much is known on the functional and morphological effects of spaceflight on the human central nervous system. Previous studies have already shown that central nervous system changes occur during and after spaceflight in the form of neurovestibular problems, alterations in cognitive function and sensory perception, cephalic fluid shifts and psychological disturbances. However, little is known about the underlying neural substrates. In this review, we discuss the current limited knowledge on neuroplastic changes in the human central nervous system associated with spaceflight (actual or simulated) as measured by magnetic resonance imaging-based techniques. Furthermore, we discuss these findings as well as their future perspectives, since this can encourage future research into this delicate and intriguing aspect of spaceflight. Currently, the literature suffers from heterogeneous experimental set-ups and therefore, the lack of comparability of findings among studies. However, the cerebellum, cortical sensorimotor and somatosensory areas and vestibular-related pathways seem to be involved across different studies, suggesting that these brain regions are most affected by (simulated) spaceflight. Extending this knowledge is crucial, especially with the eye on long-duration interplanetary missions (e.g. Mars) and space tourism.

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“…The neural circuits related to the ability to interpret this feedback in health adults include the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), nucleus accumbens and insula (Balasubramani et al, 2015, Ernst and Steinhauser, 2015, Hauser et al, 2015, Kohno et al, 2015, Liu et al, 2011, Rao et al, 2014, Tanabe et al, 2013). An impaired ability to learn from outcomes has been demonstrated in individuals with substance dependence disorders (Balconi et al, 2014, Tanabe et al, 2013, Worbe et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk level in the BART was represented by the probability of balloon explosion, and task performance depended on to what extent participants learned from different previous outcomes (Kohno et al, 2015, Rao et al, 2014). Thus, the BART may then be adapted to evaluate the effect of previous outcomes on the covariance between brain activation and risk level during subsequent risky decision-making processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of outcome on the covariance between risk level and brain activity in adolescents with internet gaming disorder

Yang

Dai

et al. 2016

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) often have impaired risky decision-making abilities, and IGD-related functional changes have been observed during neuroimaging studies of decision-making tasks. However, it is still unclear how feedback (outcomes of decision-making) affects the subsequent risky decision-making in individuals with IGD. In this study, twenty-four adolescents with IGD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing the balloon analog risk task (BART) to evaluate the effects of prior outcomes on brain activity during subsequent risky decision-making in adolescents with IGD. The covariance between risk level and activation of the bilateral ventral medial prefrontal cortex, left inferior frontal cortex, right ventral striatum (VS), left hippocampus/parahippocampus, right inferior occipital gyrus/fusiform gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus demonstrated interaction effects of group by outcome (P < 0.05, AlphaSim correction). The regions with interactive effects were defined as ROI, and ROI-based intergroup comparisons showed that the covariance between risk level and brain activation was significantly greater in adolescents with IGD compared with HCs after a negative outcome occurred (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that negative outcomes affected the covariance between risk level and activation of the brain regions related to value estimation (prefrontal cortex), anticipation of rewards (VS), and emotional-related learning (hippocampus/parahippocampus), which may be one of the underlying neural mechanisms of disadvantageous risky decision-making in adolescents with IGD.

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Decreasing ventromedial prefrontal cortex deactivation in risky decision making after simulated microgravity: effects of âˆ’6Â° head-down tilt bed rest

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Diffusion of responsibility attenuates altruistic punishment: A functional magnetic resonance imaging effective connectivity study

Diffusion of responsibility attenuates altruistic punishment: A functional magnetic resonance imaging effective connectivity study

Spaceflight-induced neuroplasticity in humans as measured by MRI: what do we know so far?

Effects of outcome on the covariance between risk level and brain activity in adolescents with internet gaming disorder

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