Decreasing Phosphorus Solubility in Poultry Litter with Aluminum, Calcium, and Iron Amendments

Moore, P.; Miller, David M.

doi:10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300020016x

Cited by 222 publications

(176 citation statements)

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“…Both runoff and leaching losses of P following land application of poultry litter are largely determined by the WS content of P in the waste (Guo and Song, 2009), this being one of the biggest problems facing the poultry industry. This reduction of the WS P content of the alum-treated litter has been described previously in multi-flock broiler litter in laboratory (Moore and Miller, 1994) and commercial conditions (Sims and Luka-McCafferty, 2002; -N, and total and water-soluble (WS)P content for the control and alum-treated litters. DM 5 dry matter; WS 5 water soluble.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of aluminum sulfate on litter composition and ammonia emission in a single flock of broilers up to 42 days of age

Sánchez

López

Valverde

et al. 2012

Animal

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New alternatives are necessary if the environmental impact linked to intensive poultry production is to be reduced, and different litter handling methods should be explored. Among these, acidifying amendments added to poultry litters has been suggested as a management practice to help reduce the potential environmental effect involved in multiple flock cycles. There have been several studies on the use of aluminum sulfate (alum) and its benefits, but almost no data are available under farm conditions in Europe. An experiment with Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 42 days of age was conducted to evaluate the effect of alum on litter composition, the solubility of some mineral elements and NH3emission during a single flock-rearing period in commercial houses located in southeast Spain. Broilers were placed on clean wood shavings in four commercial houses, containing 20 000 broilers each. Before filling, alum was applied at a rate of 0.25 kg/m2to the wood shavings of two poultry houses, whereas the remaining two were used as control. Litter from each poultry house was sampled every 3 to 5 days. Ammonia emissions from the poultry houses were monitored from 37 to 42 days of age. In comparison with the control group, alum treatment significantly reduced the pH level of the litter (P< 0.001) with an average difference of 1.32 ± 0.24 units. Alum-treated litter showed, on average, a higher electrical conductivity than the control litter (5.52v.3.63 dS/m). The dry matter (DM) and total N and P contents did not show differences between the treatments (P> 0.05). Regarding the NH4+-N content, alum-treated litter showed a higher value than the untreated litter, with an average difference of 0.16 ± 0.07% (on a DM basis). On average, alum-treated litter had lower water-soluble P, Zn and Cu contents than the untreated litter. Alum noticeably reduced the in-house ammonia concentration (P< 0.001), with an average of 4.8 ppm at 42 days of age (62.9% lower than the control), and ammonia emissions from 37 to 42 days of age were significantly reduced by the alum treatment (P< 0.001), representing a reduction of 73.3%. The lower pH values might have reduced ammonia volatilization from the litter, with a corresponding positive effect on the building environment and poultry health. For these reasons, litter amendment with alum could be recommended as a way of reducing the pollution potential of European broiler facilities during a single flock cycle.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of aluminum sulfate on litter composition and ammonia emission in a single flock of broilers up to 42 days of age

Sánchez

López

Valverde

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…However, increasing dietary Ca concentration was negatively associated with the AID of P. This finding is in agreement with work in pigs and poultry whereby increased concentrations of dietary Ca did not influence the apparent total tract digestibility of Ca but decreased that of P (Stein et al 2011). Inorganic sources of P are added to poultry diets to compensate for the lack of availability of phytate-bound P. However, poultry diets commonly use Ca from limestone, which may also interact with inorganic sources of P in the gut lumen-forming Ca-phosphates that become less soluble with increasing pH (Moore and Miller 1994;Selle et al 2009). Limestone has been shown to increase the pH of digesta from 5.6 to 6.1 in the small intestine of poultry (Shafey 1999) and it is likely to promote the formation of Caphosphate precipitates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Separate feeding of calcium improves performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chicks

et al. 2014

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Abstract.A total of 144 Cobb 500 broilers were used to investigate if modern commercial broilers could regulate their calcium (Ca) intake using choice feeding and whether separating the delivery of a portion of the Ca from the mixed ration would be advantageous for performance and nutrient recovery. Birds were fed corn+soy-based diets formulated to contain 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 g/kg total Ca and all groups had access to a separate Ca source (CaCO 3 ). The trial was conducted from Day 1 to Day 21 and birds had ad libitum access to both the experimental diets and a separate Ca source throughout. Total feed and separate Ca intake were monitored daily, weight gain and feed intake weekly and on Day 21, the apparent ileal digestibility of DM, nitrogen, selected minerals and amino acids were determined. Consumption of the separate Ca source increased (P < 0.05) with decreasing total Ca concentration of the mixed ration. No differences (P > 0.05) in toe ash were found. Increasing dietary Ca concentration negatively influenced the apparent ileal digestibility of DM, nitrogen, minerals and amino acids. It can be concluded that broilers can select and consume Ca from a separate source to broadly maintain their requirement. Feeding a separate source of Ca in combination with reduced dietary Ca in the mixed ration had beneficial effects on nutrient digestibility, phosphorus excretion and performance.

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“…Therefore, an important indicator of the ability of a Ca-rich material to remove P is its content of water-extractable Ca (Moore and Miller 1994). Precipitation of Ca-phosphates is efficient at alkaline pH and, as Johansson and Gustafsson (2000) stated, a number of different precipitates, such as amorphous calcium phosphates (Ca 4 H(PO 4 ) 3 ), octacalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite, may form.…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and limitations of phosphate retention media in water protection: A process-based review of laboratory and field-scale tests

Klimeski¹,

Chardon²,

Туртола³

et al. 2012

AFSci

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The application of phosphorus (P)-sorbing materials offers a possible solution for treating municipal wastewater and agricultural runoff. In this paper we discuss P retention and release mechanisms, and review studies on the P retention of different materials and their use as reactive media in filter beds. The main mechanisms for P retention are sorption on metal (mostly Fe or Al) hydroxide surfaces and, in alkaline conditions, the formation of Ca-P precipitates. The retention of P is strongly affected by the chemical composition of a material, its particle size and pH-related effects on sorption and precipitation both during testing and in practical operation. Laboratory tests are sensitive to solution chemistry (pH, alkalinity, ionic strength and composition, P concentration) and affected by material-to-solution ratio, contact time and agitation. Moreover, due to deviations from realistic field conditions, laboratory tests may produce imprecise estimates of the retention capacity and retention kinetics. In particular, materials that contain soluble substances (e.g., CaO) that elevate the pH of the ambient solution to high levels may in batch tests suggest a high capacity for P retention, but will most probably show much lower retention in field settings. On the other hand, materials containing metal oxides also retain P via slow reactions, and their retention capacity may be underestimated in short equilibrations. Appropriate laboratory test procedures will depend on their intended applications and material properties. Long-term field-scale tests are few in number, but some of them have shown promising results. Field-scale tests have, however, highlighted the design of the filters as a critical factor in their efficiency.

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Decreasing Phosphorus Solubility in Poultry Litter with Aluminum, Calcium, and Iron Amendments

Cited by 222 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of aluminum sulfate on litter composition and ammonia emission in a single flock of broilers up to 42 days of age

Effect of aluminum sulfate on litter composition and ammonia emission in a single flock of broilers up to 42 days of age

Separate feeding of calcium improves performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chicks

Potential and limitations of phosphate retention media in water protection: A process-based review of laboratory and field-scale tests

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