Decreasing lateral segregation in cadmium zinc telluride via ampoule tilting during vertical Bridgman growth

A Schur complement formulation for solving free-boundary, Stefan problems of phase change

“…Physical properties are based on the melt and solid phases of cadmium zinc telluride, a II-VI semiconductor crystal of strategic importance for radiation detection and homeland security [42][43][44], given in Lun et al [45]. For this test problem we employ the following values for the dimensionless parameters: j = 0.5, PeS = 10 À3 , T mp = 0, Bi = 10, and T f = z.…”

Simulating Interface Growth and Defect Generation in CZT – Simulation State of the Art and Known Gaps

“…The main technical achievement in these models is the ability to accurately model the physics of CdTe and CZT in terms of heat transfer, including optical transparency, and to be able to couple two modeling scales in a selfconsistent manner. These models can include magnetic fields [11][12][13][14][15] and crucible rotations [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and can be used to guide the furnace growth parameters to obtain a preferred flat or convex 1 growth interface for CdTe or CZT [23]. The use of continuum models has led to improved growth of CZT or CdTe crystals but the level of defects in even the best CZT crystals is too high, on average, to allow the routine production of high-resolution detectors [24][25][26][27][28] with theoretical energy resolution.…”

“…They showed that the flows generated by tilting leads to better mixing of solute and could reduce radial segregation in the melt. L. Lun et al [20] shows that a 20 degree tilt angle can reduce the zinc concentration standard deviation to a minimum in CZT.…”

A new hybrid method for the global modeling of convection in CZ crystal growth configurations

“…A typical flow pattern for a tilted ampoule in low Prandtl number melts is observed which is similar to the pattern published in Refs. [23,24]. The profiles of the vertical velocity components at the cylinder axis are shown in Fig.…”