Decreasing Internal Focus of Attention Improves Postural Control During Quiet Standing in Young Healthy Adults

Nafati, Gilel; Vuillerme, Nicolas

doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599800

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Using this partitioning, Vuillerme and Nafati (2007) have highlighted that focusing on postural control impacted more the CP-CGv movements than the CGv movements, thus confirming the EMG decrease in dual-tasks observed in older peoples by Simoneau, Billot, Martin, Perennou & van Hoecke (2008). Later, the same authors (Nafati & Vuillerme, 2011) reported concomitant decreases of CP-CGv and CGv movements during a short-term digit-span memory task. Thus, whereas a CP-CGv decrease might be a characteristic feature of double tasks protocols, the contrasted results with CGv movementsremain not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Our hypotheses were that 1) dual-tasks protocols should affecthere decreasepredominantly the neuromuscular component of the CP movements, i.e. CP-CGv movements, as shown by Vuillerme and Nafati (2007) and Nafati and Vuillerme (2011). As highlighted through visual feedback protocols, larger CP-CGv movements are observed when attention is focused on stance control rather than on postural control with no visual feedback (Rougier, 2003).…”

Section: Xxxxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simple effects were then studied through nonparametric multiple comparison Dunn tests, with the first level of significance being set for both tests at p<0.05. Since the studied variables were shown to be unrelated in other past studies (Vuillerme & Nafati, 2007;Nafati & Vuillerme, 2011;Rougier, 2003), no adjustment for multiple tests was performed. The choice to use non parametric tests was motivated by their greater robustness, the reduced size of our sample and the multiplicity of parameters involved in these calculations.…”

Section: Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How providing more or less time to solve a cognitive task interferes with upright stance control; a posturographic analysis on healthy young adults

Rougier

Bonnet

2016

Human Movement Science

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Contrasted postural effects have been reported in dual-task protocols associating balance control and cognitive task that could be explained by the nature and the relative difficulty of the cognitive task and the biomechanical significance of the force platform data. To better assess their respective role, eleven healthy young adults were required to stand upright quietly on a force platform while concomitantly solving mental-calculation or mental-navigation cognitive tasks. Various levels of difficulty were applied by adjusting the velocity rate at which the instructions were provided to the subject according to his/her maximal capacities measured beforehand. A condition without any concomitant cognitive task was added to constitute a baseline behavior. Two basic components, the horizontal center-of-gravity movements and the horizontal difference between center-of-gravity and center-of-pressures were computed from the complex center-of-pressure recorded movements. It was hypothesized that increasing the delay should infer less interaction between postural control and task solution. The results indicate that both mental-calculation and mental-navigation tasks induce reduced amplitudes for the center-of-pressure minus center-of-gravity movements, only along the mediolateral axis, whereas center-of-gravity movements were not affected, suggesting that different circuits are involved in the central nervous system to control these two movements. Moreover, increasing the delays task does not infer any effect for both movements. Since center-of-pressure minus center-of-gravity expresses the horizontal acceleration communicated to the center-of-gravity, one may assume that the control of the latter should be facilitated in dual-tasks conditions, inferring reduced center-of-gravity movements, which is not seen in our results. This lack of effect should be thus interpreted as a modification in the control of these center-of-gravity movements. Taken together, these results emphasized how undisturbed upright stance control can be impacted by mental tasks requiring attention, whatever their nature (calculation or navigation) and their relative difficulty. Depending on the provided instructions, i.e. focusing our attention on body movements or on the opposite diverting this attention toward other objectives, the evaluation of upright stance control capacities might be drastically altered.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Xxxxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How providing more or less time to solve a cognitive task interferes with upright stance control; a posturographic analysis on healthy young adults

Rougier

Bonnet

2016

Human Movement Science

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“…Otherwise, leaving subjects uninstructed about the task or instructing them to stand still could lead to inter-individual differences in the degree of attention and thus to marked differences in muscle activation during standing at ease between subjects. Moreover, cognitive effects on the level of muscle activation are not so well documented as on CoP and postural sways during standing (Stoffregen et al, 2000 ; Nafati and Vuillerme, 2011 ); recent evidence suggests however the cognitive task difficulty does not affect EMG amplitude (Baudry and Gaillard, 2014 ). We therefore presume standing at ease condition posits a physiologically relevant, reference condition for which responses to EMG biofeedback were compared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young, Healthy Subjects Can Reduce the Activity of Calf Muscles When Provided with EMG Biofeedback in Upright Stance

2016

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Recent evidence suggests the minimization of muscular effort rather than of the size of bodily sway may be the primary, nervous system goal when regulating the human, standing posture. Different programs have been proposed for balance training; none however has been focused on the activation of postural muscles during standing. In this study we investigated the possibility of minimizing the activation of the calf muscles during standing through biofeedback. By providing subjects with an audio signal that varied in amplitude and frequency with the amplitude of surface electromyograms (EMG) recorded from different regions of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, we expected them to be able to minimize the level of muscle activation during standing without increasing the excursion of the center of pressure (CoP). CoP data and surface EMG from gastrocnemii, soleus and tibialis anterior muscles were obtained from 10 healthy participants while standing at ease and while standing with EMG biofeedback. Four sensitivities were used to test subjects' responsiveness to the EMG biofeedback. Compared with standing at ease, the two most sensitive feedback conditions induced a decrease in plantar flexor activity (~15%; P < 0.05) and an increase in tibialis anterior EMG (~10%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, CoP mean position significantly shifted backward (~30 mm). In contrast, the use of less sensitive EMG biofeedback resulted in a significant decrease in EMG activity of ankle plantar flexors with a marginal increase in TA activity compared with standing at ease. These changes were not accompanied by greater CoP displacements or significant changes in mean CoP position. Key results revealed subjects were able to keep standing stability while reducing the activity of gastrocnemius and soleus without loading their tibialis anterior muscle when standing with EMG biofeedback. These results may therefore posit the basis for the development of training protocols aimed at assisting subjects in more efficiently controlling leg muscle activity during standing.

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“…Beilock et al conducted a study and concluded that when a motor postural control task like standing and forward flexion had become automatic, the performance of the task could disrupt when centering attentiveness on that task (49). In other words, in patients, the added task or centering attentiveness on that task made the task even more challenging that could lead to an additional trunk stiffness, and consequently, the correlation between the trunk and pelvis movement had decreased and activations of the deep trunk muscles were delayed (50). It could be concluded that pain-related fear of movement and re-injury in LBP patients had increased the focus on the task and consequently increased the trunk stiffness (44,51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Beta-Band Intermuscular Pool Coherence Between Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain and Healthy Subjects

et al. 2021

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Objectives: The current study aimed to compare between the chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) and healthy subjects during four phases of the trunk flexion-extension task (standing, flexion, relaxation, and extension phases) by using pool coherence as well as pairwise coherence of Beta band Intermuscular coherence (Bb-IMC) and flexion relaxation phenomena. Methods: Twenty-four men with CNSLBP and 20 healthy men voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects performed three tests of Flexion-extension task (F-ET) while the surface electromyography (sEMGs) were recorded from the right erector spinal muscle of the lumbar region “1”, left erector spinal muscle of the lumbar region “2”, right gluteus maximus muscle”3”, left gluteus maximus muscle”4”, right hamstring muscle”5” and left hamstring muscle”6”. Accordingly, group A contains muscles 1, 4, and 6 and group B consists of muscles 2, 3, and 5. The pool coherence (PC) and the pairwise coherence (PWC) for all the above-mentioned muscles were calculated using Beta-band intermuscular coherence analysis. Thereafter, the mean pool coherence (mPC) was considered for group A and group B for four phases of F-ET in three groups as following: CNSLBP patients group, healthy subjects group and the third group included all subjects that participated in this study, whether patients or healthy and it was called the general group. Moreover, the mean pairwise coherence (mPWC) among each pair of group A and B muscles was calculated for four phases of F-ET using Bb-IMC in CNSLBP patients and healthy subjects. Results: These results indicated a high value of A mPC in the general group and healthy subjects in the flexion phase, whereas the same A mPC in CNSLBP patients was high in all phases of F-ET. On the other hand, while B mPC was high in the general group and healthy subjects in the extension phase; it was high in all phases of F-ET in CNSLBP patients; B mPC in CNSLBP patients was high in extension, standing, and flexion phases. A mPWC and B mPWC were not significantly different between CNSLBP patients and healthy subjects in all phases of F-ET. However, only A mPWC “1 - 4” and the A mPWC “4 - 6” were significantly smaller in CNSLBP patients compared to the healthy subjects in the relaxation and flexion phases, respectively. Hence, we suggest pool coherence of Bb-IMC, not pairwise coherence of Bb-IMC, to compare CNSLBP patients and healthy subjects. Conclusions: According to the present findings, we suggest using the pool coherence of Bb-IMC in the clinical examination for CNSLBP patients and studying the probable cortical effects and the effectiveness of various treatments on corticospinal tract function in CNSLBP.

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Decreasing Internal Focus of Attention Improves Postural Control During Quiet Standing in Young Healthy Adults

Cited by 25 publications

References 55 publications

How providing more or less time to solve a cognitive task interferes with upright stance control; a posturographic analysis on healthy young adults

How providing more or less time to solve a cognitive task interferes with upright stance control; a posturographic analysis on healthy young adults

Young, Healthy Subjects Can Reduce the Activity of Calf Muscles When Provided with EMG Biofeedback in Upright Stance

Comparison of the Beta-Band Intermuscular Pool Coherence Between Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain and Healthy Subjects

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