Decreasing Incidences of Gonorrhea- and Chlamydia-Associated Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Kamwendo, Francis; Forslin, Lars; Bodin, Lennart; Danielsson, Dan

doi:10.1097/00007435-199609000-00007

Cited by 110 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2 As fewer than 400 cases of gonorrhoea are reported annually, the total number of bacterial STDs has decreased, as has the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease. 3 Consequently, the risk for impaired fertility through tubal damage has decreased. Viral STDs dominate the panorama today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behaviour and early coitarche in a national sample of 17 year old Swedish girls

Edgardh¹

2000

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Objective: To evaluate sexual behaviour in 17 year old girls, using data from a national survey on adolescent sexuality. Method: The study was based on two samples of 17 year olds, comprising 2% of the population born in 1973 and carried out in 1990. A school sample and a sample of school non-attenders were recruited in a two step procedure. Data were collected by anonymous self administered questionnaires. 2583 questionnaires were distributed. Response rates from students was 92%, for school non-attenders 44%. 1121 female students and 118 female school dropouts responded. Results: 64% of the student girls had experienced their first intercourse; 16% were "early starters" with coitarche before age 15. STD and pregnancy were reported by 15% of early starters and pregnancy by 14%, p<0.001 and 0.002 respectively when compared with later starters. The number of coital partners, experience of first date intercourse, and of oral and anal sex was higher in the early starters, p<0.001. Early starters reported menarche at age 11 or earlier more often than the later starters (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.48-3.56), as well as a perceived social age exceeding the chronological by 2 years (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.34-2.80). Sexual abuse was reported by 20% of the early and 11% of the later starters, p=0.002. Among school non-attenders no significant diVerences were found with regard to age for coitarche. A majority of 83% of the girls had experienced voluntary intercourse, and 49% were early starters. Five girls were mothers. STD was reported by 19% and induced abortion by 14%. Sexual abuse was alleged by 28%. Conclusion: Coitarche before age 15 is related to early menarche and high perceived social age. High number of partners and first date intercourse make early starters at increased risk for STD and unintended pregnancy. Sexual abuse is alleged more often by early starters. (Sex Transm Inf 2000;76:98-102) Keywords: adolescent sexuality; sex; coitarche; sexual behaviour; sexual abuse IntroductionIn Sweden, there is a liberal attitude towards sexual relations among adolescents. Education on sexuality and personal relationships has been part of the national school curriculum since 1956. Youth policlinics tailored to the needs of adolescents form a network over the country, in order to support young people in developing responsible sexual behaviour, and to minimise reproductive health problems. Contraceptive counselling is free of charge and available without parental consent. Easily available oral contraceptives have contributed to a decrease in teenage abortions, from 29.8 per 1000 in 1975 to 17.6 per 1000 in 1998. 1 Since the early 1980s, screening, free treatment, and partner notification for genital chlamydial infection have contributed to the decrease from 40 000 estimated cases in 1987 to 15 000 reported cases in 1998. 2 As fewer than 400 cases of gonorrhoea are reported annually, the total number of bacterial STDs has decreased, as has the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease. 3 Consequently, the risk for impaired fertility through ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behaviour and early coitarche in a national sample of 17 year old Swedish girls

Edgardh¹

2000

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…Uvedba visokosenzitivnih, neinvazivnih testov za dokazovanje klamidijske okužbe (12)(13)(14) ter dostopnost učinkovitega zdravljenja z enkratnim odmerkom antibiotika (15) postavljata kot pomembno javnozdravstveno vprašanje odločitev o aktivnem odkrivanju asimptomatskih okuženih oseb z namenom preprečevanja kasnih zapletov. Presejanje na C. trachomatis je ponekod v svetu vodilo v znižanje prevalence okužb pa tudi znižanje pogostosti vnetij rodil (16,17). Priporočila za testiranje na spolno prenosljivo klamidijsko okužbo v nekaterih skupinah ljudi brez znakov okužbe in bolezenskih težav so bila objavljena v štirih evropskih deželah (Švedska, Finska, Anglija, Škotska) in Kanadi; objavile so jih tudi različnih skupinah prebivalcev Slovenije.…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

Spolno Prenosljive Okužbe Z Bakterijo Chlamydia Trachomatis V Sloveniji / Sexually Transmitted Infections With The Bacteria Chlamydia Trachomatis In Slovenia

Ponikvar¹,

Krotec²,

Klavs³

2013

Slovenian Journal of Public Health

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“…Low numbers of bacterial cells induce secretion of TNF-and subsequently apoptosis of infected cells, however, when bacterial cell numbers increase, the apoptosis appears to be inhibited, favouring bacterial survival (Dean and Powers, 2001). Studies have suggested that ectopic pregnancy is now more likely to be associated with non-gonococcal rather than N. gonorrhoeae upper genital tract infection (Kamwendo et al, 1996).…”

Section: Neisseria Gonorrhoeaementioning

confidence: 99%

Tubal Damage, Infertility and Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy: Chlamydia trachomatis and Other Microbial Aetiologies

Hafner¹,

Pelzer²

2011

Ectopic Pregnancy - Modern Diagnosis and Management

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Decreasing Incidences of Gonorrhea- and Chlamydia-Associated Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Abstract: Measures aimed at reducing incidences of gonorrhea and genital chlamydial infection will reduce the incidences of one of the most serious complications of these STDs, acute PID, and, in turn, its long-term sequelae.

Cited by 110 publications

References 14 publications

Sexual behaviour and early coitarche in a national sample of 17 year old Swedish girls

Sexual behaviour and early coitarche in a national sample of 17 year old Swedish girls

Spolno Prenosljive Okužbe Z Bakterijo Chlamydia Trachomatis V Sloveniji / Sexually Transmitted Infections With The Bacteria Chlamydia Trachomatis In Slovenia

Tubal Damage, Infertility and Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy: Chlamydia trachomatis and Other Microbial Aetiologies

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