Decreasing Event Centrality in Undergraduates Using Cognitive Bias Modification of Appraisals

Abstract

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The World Dangerous it is – The Scrambled Sentences Task in the Context of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

“…Studies using computerized paradigms developed in the context of Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal (CBM-App;MacLeod, Koster, & Fox, 2009;McNally & Woud, 2019;Woud & Becker, 2014), however, have SST FOR NEGATIVE LIFE EVENTS 5 revealed more mixed findings. While one study (Woud et al, 2012) found fewer intrusions of an analog trauma following the induction of a functional versus dysfunctional appraisal style (positive vs. negative CBM-App), other studies found an effect on intrusion distress (e.g., or no effects at all on analog trauma symptoms (e.g., Vermeulen et al, 2019). In a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) amongst inpatients diagnosed with PTSD the effects of positive CBM-App as an adjunct to treatment as usual were compared to a sham-control training.…”

Mental Time Travel in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Current Gaps and Future Directions

“…Regardless of the directionality, studies that employ the Centrality of Event Scale (CES; Berntsen and Rubin, 2006 ) have found positive associations between the CES and PTSD symptoms (e.g., Brown et al, 2010 ; Rubin et al, 2014 ). One study attempted to reduce PTSD symptoms by experimentally manipulating event centrality (Vermeulen et al, 2019 ). Although symptoms of PTSD did not decrease, centrality did.…”

How expectations shape the formation of intrusive memories – An experimental study using the trauma film paradigm

“…Alternatively, instead THIS IS A PRE-PRINT THAT HAS NOT BEEN PEER-REVIEWED of presenting manipulated film clips, future studies could use an alternative approach such as the principle of "Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM)" (Woud et al, 2017): In recent years, more and more computer-based trainings have been developed that aim to modify cognitive processing (Tendolkar et al, 2019), which can be assumed to contribute to undesired emotional reactions or dysfunctional behavior (Hertel & Mathews, 2011). A growing body of research has investigated this approach with respect to the development of PTSD within the TFP (e.g., Lang et al, 2009;Schartau et al, 2009;Vasterling & Arditte Hall, 2018;Vermeulen et al, 2019;Woud et al, 2012Woud et al, , 2013Woud et al, , 2018. As the appraisal styles of the participants could be systematically distorted in a positive or negative direction by means of computer-assisted training leading to reduced or intensified PTSD-relevant symptoms (Woud et al, 2012), future studies could investigate whether such trainings could also be effective in systematically changing expectations.…”