Decreased working memory and processing speed 
mediate cognitive impairment in geriatric depression

Nebes, Robert D.; Butters, Meryl A.; Mulsant, Benoit H.; Pollock, Bruce G.; Zmuda, Michelle; Houck, Patricia R.; Reynolds, Charles F.

doi:10.1017/s0033291799001968

Cited by 255 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…n-Back task procedure We used the 0-, 1-and 2-back versions of the n-back task to impose a working memory load based on Callicott et al 24,36 The n-back task is often used as a working memory task 17,20 and is thought to evoke a number of working memory processes, including maintenance, monitoring, updating and manipulation of remembered information. 37 It requires the monitoring of a continuous sequence of numerical stimuli.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The n-back task performance of both depressed and remitted elderly MDD patients is significantly inferior to that of control subjects, suggesting that the impairment of working memory is a trait marker of geriatric depression. 17,20 Available functional neuroimaging studies of working memory provide further evidence of frontal cortex involvement. Healthy individuals show bilateral activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left inferior frontal gyrus 21,22 and anterior cingulate (ACC) 21 during n-back task performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prefrontal hyperactivation during working memory task in untreated individuals with major depressive disorder

et al. 2006

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The prefrontal cortex, a part of the limbic-thalamic-cortical network, participates in regulation of mood, cognition and behavior and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Many neuropsychological studies demonstrate impairment of working memory in patients with MDD. However, there are few functional neuroimaging studies of MDD patients during working memory processing, and most of the available ones included medicated patients or patients with both MDD and bipolar disorder. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure prefrontal cortex function during working memory processing in untreated depressed patients with MDD. Fifteen untreated individuals with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition recurrent MDD (mean age7s.d. = 34.3711.5 years) and 15 healthy comparison subjects (37.7712.1 years) matched for age, sex and race were studied using a GE/Elscint 2T MR system. An echo-planar MRI sequence was used to acquire 24 axial slices. The n-back task (0-back, 1-back and 2-back) was used to elicit frontal cortex activation. Data were analyzed with a multiple regression analysis using the FSL-FEAT software. MDD patients showed significantly greater left dorsolateral cortex activation during the n-back task compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.01), although task performance was similar in the two groups. Furthermore, the patients showed significant anterior cingulate cortex activation during the task, but the comparison subjects did not (P < 0.01). This study provides in vivo imaging evidence of abnormal frontolimbic circuit function during working memory processing in individuals with MDD.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal hyperactivation during working memory task in untreated individuals with major depressive disorder

et al. 2006

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“…A tarefa N-back é encontrada na literatura tanto na forma verbal (Dobbs & Rule, 1989;Gonçalves & Mansur, 2009) quanto na forma visual (Nyberg et al, 2008) e a partir de diferentes tipos de estímulos: imagens e faces (Brahambhatt, McAuley, & Barch, 2008), palavras (Gonçalves & Mansur, 2009) ou números (Dobbs & Rule, 1989;Nebes et al, 2000). Tal tarefa tem sido utilizada por sua sensibilidade para a mensuração da MT, com diferentes objetivos de diagnóstico funcional, em várias populações neurológicas e psiquiátricas, como Síndrome de Asperger (Cui, Gao, Chen, Zou, & Wang, 2010), autismo (Koshino et al, 2005), depressão (Nebes et al, 2000) e na Doença de Alzheimer (Waltz et al, 2004).…”

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“…Tal tarefa tem sido utilizada por sua sensibilidade para a mensuração da MT, com diferentes objetivos de diagnóstico funcional, em várias populações neurológicas e psiquiátricas, como Síndrome de Asperger (Cui, Gao, Chen, Zou, & Wang, 2010), autismo (Koshino et al, 2005), depressão (Nebes et al, 2000) e na Doença de Alzheimer (Waltz et al, 2004).…”

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Tarefa N-back auditiva: desempenho entre diferentes grupos etários

Nardi

Sanvicente‐Vieira

Prando

et al. 2013

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoUm dos instrumentos mais utilizados internacionalmente para avaliação da Memória de Trabalho (MT) é a Tarefa N-back Auditiva. Recursos para avaliação desse sistema são escassos no Brasil. O presente estudo objetiva observar o desempenho da Tarefa N-back Auditiva em indivíduos de diferentes faixas etárias: 27 crianças, 22 pré-adolescentes, 26 adultos e 27 idosos. Os resultados mostram que o grupo etário influencia no desempenho da Tarefa N-back Auditiva. A acurácia foi aumentando na transição da infância para a pré-adolescência e seguiu em crescimento até a adultez. Observou-se um declínio no desempenho de idosos. Os dados da Tarefa N-back Auditiva corrobora a trajetória desenvolvimental, sugerindo que essa tarefa possa ser utilizada no contexto experimental. Pesquisas de normatização contribuirão para melhor compreensão dessa tarefa. Palavras-chave: Memória de Trabalho, memória operacional, Tarefa N-Back Auditiva, desenvolvimento cognitivo. AbstractOne of the most internationally used instruments for evaluation of Working Memory (WM) is the Auditory N-Back Task. In Brazil, resources to evaluate this system are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of different age subjects in auditory n-back tasks. We divided the 102 subjects in four groups: 27 children, 22 adolescents, 26 young adults and 27 older adults. The results demonstrate an agerelated difference in the n-back task performance. The accuracy increased in the transition from childhood to adolescence and kept growing from adolescence to adulthood. We also found a decrease in the performance of aged subjects. The Auditory N-Back Task results are in agreement with WM development trajectory, and so, it demonstrates to be an adjusted instrument to evaluate this system in experimental setting.

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“…Deficits have been reported in domains of attention, language, episodic recall, semantic recall, nonverbal recall, visuospatial/visuoconstruction, working memory, and executive function (Abas et al, 1990;King et al, 1991;Boone et al, 1994;Boone et al, 1995;Lesser et al, 1996;Palmer et al, 1996;Kramer-Ginsberg et al, 1999;Lyness et al, 1999;Yaffe et al, 1999;Nebes et al, 2000;Palsson et al, 2000;Nebes et al, 2001b;Swainson et al, 2001;Elderkin-Thompson et al, 2003;Elderkin-Thompson et al, 2004b). Specifically, they have reduced language fluency (Wolfe et al, 1987;King et al, 1991;Boone et al, 1994;Brown et al, 1994;Palmer et al, 1996), poor processing speed and attentional ability (Boone et al, 1995;Yaffe et al, 1999;Nebes et al, 2000;Palsson et al, 2000;Nebes et al, 2001a), poor inhibition of conflicting information (Palmer et al, 1996), and impaired visuospatial skills (Boone et al, 1994;Boone et al, 1995;Lesser et al, 1996). Patients have deficits in complex tests such as the Wisconsin Card Sort (Boone et al, 1994;Brown et al, 1994;Boone et al, 1995;Lesser et al, 1996), which assesses abstract problem solving and flexibility when using environmental feedback.…”

Section: Depression and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mood, cognition and in vivo protein imaging: the emerging nexus in clinical neuroscience

Kumar

Ajilore

Kepe

et al. 2007

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Decreased working memory and processing speed mediate cognitive impairment in geriatric depression

Cited by 255 publications

References 41 publications

Prefrontal hyperactivation during working memory task in untreated individuals with major depressive disorder

Prefrontal hyperactivation during working memory task in untreated individuals with major depressive disorder

Tarefa N-back auditiva: desempenho entre diferentes grupos etários

Mood, cognition and in vivo protein imaging: the emerging nexus in clinical neuroscience

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