Decreased sex ratio following maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated Great Lakes sport-caught fish: a retrospective cohort study.

Weisskopf, Marc G.; Anderson, Henry A.; Hanrahan, Lawrence P.

doi:10.1186/1476-069x-2-2

Cited by 68 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Equivocal results exist in relation to parental serum polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations among angler populations. A reduced sex ratio (fewer males) was observed among mothers in the highest PCB quintile compared with the lowest quintile, although no relation was observed for paternal exposure, suggesting a maternally mediated effect (Weisskopf et al, 2003). Conversely, a higher sex ratio or male excess was observed in the offspring of a sample of Michigan anglers and their spouses for paternal but not maternal PCB exposure (Karmaus et al, 2002).…”

Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08

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Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Accordingly, a recent review concluded that there is no convincing evidence of an association between ΣPCB and secondary sex ratio [44], although some of the studies included in the review did report a significantly decreased sex ratio at increased PCB exposure [5,6]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential confounders were identified using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG, Figure 1), based on known associations with sex ratio [32–34], methylmercury [29] and POPs [6,35]. Associations between exposures (ΣPCB and p,p’ -DDE) and the secondary sex ratio were tested one exposure at a time in marginal and confounder adjusted logistic regression models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This discovery led to an increased focus on the potential of organochlorines to alter the sex ratio and maternal exposure to other organochlorines, i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), was found to be associated with a decreased male/female birth ratio [5,6]. However, other studies found no such association [7–9], nor has an association been found between a similar organochlorine substance, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and sex ratio [6,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), was found to be associated with a decreased male/female birth ratio [5,6]. However, other studies found no such association [7–9], nor has an association been found between a similar organochlorine substance, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and sex ratio [6,9]. Furthermore, changes in sex ratios observed over time are apparently unrelated to increased environmental contamination in the Arctic [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary sex ratio in relation to exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene and methylmercury

Timmermann¹,

Choi

Petersen

et al. 2017

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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This study was undertaken to assess the potential impact of maternal exposures to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and methylmercury on the secondary sex ratios (the ratio of male to female live births) over a span of 23 years. The study includes prospective data from three Faroese birth cohorts, with a total of 2,152 healthy mother–child dyads recruited between 1986 and 2009. The Faroe Islands is a subarctic fishing community, where pilot whale meat and blubber are part of the traditional marine diet. Exposures were measured in maternal hair, serum or umbilical cord blood. Confounder adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between maternal exposures and the secondary sex ratio. A doubling in ΣPCB, p,p’-DDE and mercury concentrations were associated with increased odds by 8% (95% CI = 0–16%), 7% (95% CI = 0–14%) and 9% (95% CI = 2–17%), respectively, of giving birth to a boy. In conclusion, maternal exposure to ΣPCB, DDE and methylmercury was associated with a slightly increased secondary sex ratio. The impact of paternal exposures could not be taken into account and deserves attention.

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An Overview of the Effects of Organic Compounds on Women's Reproductive Health and Birth Outcomes

Reutman¹,

Meadows²

2013

Effects of Persistent and Bioactive Organic Pollutants on Human Health

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Decreased sex ratio following maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated Great Lakes sport-caught fish: a retrospective cohort study.

Cited by 68 publications

References 55 publications

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Secondary sex ratio in relation to exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene and methylmercury

An Overview of the Effects of Organic Compounds on Women's Reproductive Health and Birth Outcomes

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