Decreased Relative Cerebral Blood Flow in Unmedicated Heroin-Dependent Individuals

Yang, Wenhan; Yang, Ru; Tang, Fei; Luo, Jing; Zhang, Jun; Chen, Changlong; Chen, Duan; Deng, Youcai; Fan, Lidan; Liu, Jun

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00643

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Specifically concerning recreational drugs, perfusion SPECT imaging reveals diffuse hypoperfusion throughout the cerebral cortices, but predominately in the frontal and temporal cortices ( 303 – 307 ). Dopamine transporter SPECT scans (DaTscans) demonstrate the presence and availability of dopamine transporter sites (DAT).…”

Section: Assessment Of the State Of The Art—spect In Brain Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Legacy of the TTASAAN Report—Premature Conclusions and Forgotten Promises: A Review of Policy and Practice Part I

2022

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Brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans were initially developed in 1970's. A key radiopharmaceutical, hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO), was originally approved in 1988, but was unstable. As a result, the quality of SPECT images varied greatly based on technique until 1993, when a method of stabilizing HMPAO was developed. In addition, most SPECT perfusion studies pre-1996 were performed on single-head gamma cameras. In 1996, the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology (TTASAAN) issued a report regarding the use of SPECT in the evaluation of neurological disorders. Although the TTASAAN report was published in January 1996, it was approved for publication in October 1994. Consequently, the reported brain SPECT studies relied upon to derive the conclusions of the TTASAAN report largely pre-date the introduction of stabilized HMPAO. While only 12% of the studies on traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the TTASAAN report utilized stable tracers and multi-head cameras, 69 subsequent studies with more than 23,000 subjects describe the utility of perfusion SPECT scans in the evaluation of TBI. Similarly, dementia SPECT imaging has improved. Modern SPECT utilizing multi-headed gamma cameras and quantitative analysis has a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 89% for the diagnosis of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease—comparable to fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Advances also have occurred in seizure neuroimaging. Lastly, developments in SPECT imaging of neurotoxicity and neuropsychiatric disorders have been striking. At the 25-year anniversary of the publication of the TTASAAN report, it is time to re-examine the utility of perfusion SPECT brain imaging. Herein, we review studies cited by the TTASAAN report vs. current brain SPECT imaging research literature for the major indications addressed in the report, as well as for emerging indications. In Part II, we elaborate technical aspects of SPECT neuroimaging and discuss scan interpretation for the clinician.

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Section: Assessment Of the State Of The Art—spect In Brain Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Legacy of the TTASAAN Report—Premature Conclusions and Forgotten Promises: A Review of Policy and Practice Part I

2022

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“…Images were quantified using the default parameters recommended in ASL white paper ( Alsop et al, 2015 ) with the following parameters: longitudinal relaxation time of blood (T1b) = 1,650 ms, longitudinal relaxation time of tissue (T1tissue) = 1,300 ms, gray matter (GM) threshold = 0.8. The resulting GM CBF maps were further normalized to the global mean GM perfusion to create relative GM CBF maps correcting for any time-point-related bias ( Yang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional cortical perfusion increases induced by a 6-month endurance training in young sedentary adults

Upadhyay

Schörkmaier

Maurer

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Physical inactivity is documented as a health risk factor for chronic diseases, accelerated aging, and cognitive impairment. Physical exercise, on the other hand, plays an important role in healthy aging by promoting positive muscular, cardiovascular, and central nervous system adaptions. Prior studies on the effects of exercise training on cerebral perfusion have focused largely on elderly cohorts or patient cohorts, while perfusion effects of exercise training in young sedentary adults have not yet been fully assessed. Therefore, the present study examined the physiological consequence of a 6-month endurance exercise training on brain perfusion in 28 young sedentary adults randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG; regular physical exercise) or a control group (CG; without physical exercise). The IG performed an extensive running interval training three times per week over 6 months. Performance diagnostics and MRI were performed every 2 months, and training intensity was adapted individually. Brain perfusion measurements with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling were analyzed using the standard Oxford ASL pipeline. A significant interaction effect between the group and time was found for the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) perfusion, driven by an increase in the IG and a decrease in the CG. Furthermore, a significant time effect was observed in the right middle occipital region in the IG only. Perfusion increases in the right STG, in the ventral striatum, and in the primary motor areas and was significantly associated with increases in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Overall, this study identified region-specific increases in local perfusion in a cohort of young adults that partly correlated with individual performance increases, hence, suggesting exercise dose dependency. Respective adaptations in brain perfusion are discussed in the context of physical exercise-induced vascular plasticity.

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“…14,15 3D PCASL has high reproducibility and repeatability and has been regarded as the preferred labeling method for obtaining clinical images. [16][17][18][19] ASL can be used to identify pathological hippocampal tissue in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and localize epileptogenic foci based on differences in interictal and ictal cerebral perfusion and is regarded as a routine examination for the preoperative evaluation of drug-resistant focal epilepsy patients. The perfusion data collected from ASL, positron emission tomography (PET) and SPECT exhibit good consistency; notably, ASL has greater application value based on its noninvasiveness and its ability to provide more information to help localize the epileptogenic focus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Cerebral Blood Flow is Linked to Disease Duration in Patients with Generalized tonic‒clonic Seizures

Li¹,

Niu²,

Qiu³

et al. 2022

NDT

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To investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) characteristics in individuals with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) during the interictal phase using voxel-based analysis of 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL). Patients and Methods: Patients with GTCS (GTCS group) (during the interictal period) and healthy volunteers (control group) underwent head MR imaging with a 3.0T MR scanner with a 3D PCASL sequence. CBF was compared between the two groups. Spearman correlations of CBF in regions of interest (ROIs) in GTCS patients with the duration of disease and age of onset were analyzed and corrected using the false discovery rate (FDR). Results: Twenty patients with GTCS (GTCS group) and twenty healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited for this study. On 3D PCASL, (1) GTCS patients had lower CBF in the brainstem, right cerebellum, right inferior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus, left temporal pole of superior temporal gyrus and thalamus and had higher CBF in the bilateral superior parietal gyri, precuneus, precentral gyri, postcentral gyri, and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus than controls. (2) The CBF of the right temporal pole of the middle temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the duration of disease (P FDRcorrected <0.05), with a correlation coefficient r of −0.7333 and a P FDRcorrected value of 0.04. Conclusion:Voxel-based analysis of 3D PCASL imaging can be used to sensitively detect brain perfusion differences in GTCS patients. The decrease in CBF in the right temporal pole of the middle temporal gyrus may be associated with disease onset. These findings may offer new perspectives on the pathogenesis of GTCS and the underlying pathophysiological changes associated with perfusion.

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Decreased Relative Cerebral Blood Flow in Unmedicated Heroin-Dependent Individuals

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

The Legacy of the TTASAAN Report—Premature Conclusions and Forgotten Promises: A Review of Policy and Practice Part I

The Legacy of the TTASAAN Report—Premature Conclusions and Forgotten Promises: A Review of Policy and Practice Part I

Regional cortical perfusion increases induced by a 6-month endurance training in young sedentary adults

Altered Cerebral Blood Flow is Linked to Disease Duration in Patients with Generalized tonic‒clonic Seizures

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