Decreased Pulse Wave Velocity in a Systemic Sclerosis Population: Preliminary Results from a Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by organ and tissue fibrosis in which the incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events is increased, although the exact underlying mechanism remains unclear. Arterial stiffness is a marker of vascular damage that can predict cardiovascular events; therefore, this study aimed to assess the augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), markers of stiffness, in a Systemic Sclerosis population and to detect potentially associated variables. Fourteen female Systemic Sclerosis patients and 14 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Demographic, anthropometric, sero-hematological parameters and disease characteristics were collected for each participant. Arterial stiffness was evaluated using an applanation tonometry system. No differences were found between groups, except for BMI, fasting blood glucose, red blood cells count, hemoglobin, and treatment. Patients had increased augmentation index than the controls (p = 0.008). PWV was significantly decreased in SSc patients compared with the controls (p = 0.007). PWV was correlated with age (r = 0.462; p = 0.048) and BMI (r = 0.458; p = 0.050). Finally, patients with no specific auto-antibody pattern had greater AIx than those expressing anticentromere antibodies. Our study demonstrated that SSc patients had greater AIx, but lower PWV than the controls. In addition, few variables were correlated to arterial stiffness. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings and to establish medication’s role in modifying cardiovascular risk.