Decreased production of specific antibodies to cow's milk proteins in premature infants during the first six months of life

Helms, Ileana; Rieger, Christian

doi:10.1007/bf02343217

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The concentration of antigenic lactoglobulin in commercial formulas is about half of the concentration of antigenic casein (14). The lower levels of salivary antibodies to 8-lactoglobulin and the observed persistence of a higher concentration of total SC-containing antibody compared to IgA-associated antibody might therefore be explained by less antigenic stimulation by 8-lactoglobulin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Local Antibodies to α-Casein and β-Lactoglobulin in the Saliva of Infants

Frick

Rieger

1987

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. Salivary antibodies were studied in 112 infants between 1 day and 8 yr of life. SIgA anticasein was present from birth in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. Bottle-feeding resulted in significantly higher concentrations of SIgA anticasein at 3 wk to 3 months of life as compared to breast-feeding. Salivary anticasein declined toward the end of the 1st yr and was present in less than half of the children older than 1 yr. Salivary anti-@-lactoglobulin was also present at birth in some infants. Levels increased slightly over the following 3 months but remained low. Only a minority of older children had this antibody in their saliva. Transplacentally acquired IgG protects the newborn infant against most systemic infections. During the immediate postnatal period some of this IgG can be recovered from mucosal membranes and may contribute to mucosal defense mechanisms. SIgA, the major secretory immunoglobulin, has been detected in saliva as early as 7 days of life and adult levels were present at 4 wk in 92% of infants (I, 2). Secretory antibodies have been shown to represent an immune response against replicating and nonreplicating antigens on mucosal surfaces and act to exclude such antigens from penetrating mucosal membranes.Cow's milk proteins are among the first antigens encountered by many human neonates. The systemic immune response to these proteins has been characterized in healthy term infants, in premature infants as well as in children and adults during health and disease (3-8).Since milk proteins are continuously presented to the local immune system of the gut and since these proteins have repeatedly been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic disease it was of interest to study local antibody formation to the two major cow's milk proteins, a-casein and P-lactoglobulin during the 1st yr of life. MATERIALS AND METHODSnot relating to the immune system. In infants, unstimulated saliva was obtained by gentle suctioning with a soft rubber tube over 10-15 min. Saliva was obtained at least I h after the last meal to avoid contamination of the samples with milk. Saliva was heated for 20 min at 5 1" C, centrifuged at 5000 x g for 15 min and kept at -20" C until analyzed. Each individual was studied on a single occasion. Among the ten I-to 5-day-old neonates, four were fully breast-fed, three were bottle-fed, and three received mixed feedings. In the 3-wk to 4-month-old group 10 infants were fully breast-fed; among the remaining 2 1 bottlefed infants, three were still receiving some additional breast milk and 1 1 had received breast milk for an average of 4 wk. After 4 months of age all except two infants were exclusively bottle-fed. Antibody determinations.Antibodies against a-casein and Plactoglobulin of the IgA-isotype were determined by a direct ELISA as published previously (5, 8). Microtiter plates (Nunc Laboratories, Roskilde, Denmark) were coated with a-casein or @-lactoglobulin at concentrations of 20 pg/ml. Rabbit IgG-antibody against human SC was purchased from Nordic Immunological Laboratories...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Local Antibodies to α-Casein and β-Lactoglobulin in the Saliva of Infants

Frick

Rieger

1987

Pediatr Res

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“…Previous studies demonstrated that production of BSA antibodies in vivo is due to the consumption of cow's milk, which contains BSA (Ferguson, 1977;Helms and Rieger, 1987;Lerner et al, 1989). In addition, several reports suggested that the potential for BSA antibody formation is related to the onset of type I diabetes, during which BSA antibodies share a common epitope with the pancreatic islet cell surface protein ICA69 (Yokota et al, 1990;Pietropaolo et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Cross-Reactive Autoantibody Binding to Bovine Serum Albumin in the D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mouse Model

Park¹

2014

American Journal of Immunology

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The D-galactose (D-gal)-induced animal model, generated by repeated subcutaneous D-gal injections over approximately 6 weeks, has been frequently used for diabetes and aging research. However, little research has investigated the direct correlation between D-gal and autoantibody formation despite several reports on diabetes-and aging-related autoantibodies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether repetitive injection of D-gal can induce autoantibody production in mice. First, we used Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Advanced Glycation End products (AGE)-BSA as the test antigens. The immunoreactivity of serum samples from mice treated with D-gal for 6 weeks was evaluated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). We found that serum samples of D-gal-treated mice had significantly high antibody titers against both BSA and AGE-BSA. Furthermore, the result showed that aminoguanidine treatment, an AGE inhibitor tended to decrease this immunoreactivity. The results of competitive inhibition ELISA using BSA and AGE-BSA as the competitors suggested that the serum samples from D-gal-treated mice contained antibodies not only against BSA but also specific to AGE-BSA. To assess whether the immunoreactivity against BSA is comparable to that against Mouse Serum Albumin (MSA), we examined the reactivity of D-gal-induced antibodies against MSA. Unexpectedly, D-gal-induced antibodies did not react with MSA. This suggests that the production of antibodies by Dgal is in response to an unknown antigen(s), aside from MSA, in mice and that this unknown antigen(s) may share similar sequences or three-dimensional structures with BSA.

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“…Several mechanisms in the gastrointesti nal tract, which provide for the exclusion of undigested macromolecules (antibody pro duction, gastrointestinal motility, enteropeptidase activities and endocytoplasmic trans port in the epithelial cell), mature with ad vancing fetal age [4,17,18]. Failure of these mechanisms accounts for the increase in in testinal permeability and absorption of antigenically intact food antigens which have been reported in preterm infants [4,5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Allergy in Preterm Infants Fed Human Milk

Martino¹,

Donzelli

Galli³

et al. 1989

Neonatology

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In 80 preterms aged 9–24 months (mean age: 15.9) and in 80 sex- and age-matched full-terms the frequency of atopic diseases and of positive skin tests to 8 food and 6 inhalant allergens was determined. The two groups did not differ as to overall percentages of cutipositive subjects and patients with atopic diseases. In particular, frequencies of positive skin tests to foods and of atopic dermatitis (the peak prevalence of which occurs early in infancy) were similar in preterm (16.2 and 7.5%, respectively) and full-term (13.7 and 5.0%, respectively) infants. We suggest that preterm infants fed human milk are not at increased risk of developing food allergy and related diseases and that the absorption of antigens through the immature intestine does not seem to favor the development of an IgE sensitization to foods.

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Decreased production of specific antibodies to cow's milk proteins in premature infants during the first six months of life

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Local Antibodies to α-Casein and β-Lactoglobulin in the Saliva of Infants

Local Antibodies to α-Casein and β-Lactoglobulin in the Saliva of Infants

Production of Cross-Reactive Autoantibody Binding to Bovine Serum Albumin in the D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mouse Model

Food Allergy in Preterm Infants Fed Human Milk

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