Decreased medial prefrontal cortex activity related to impaired novel object preference task performance following GALR2 and Y1R agonists intranasal infusion

Enhancement of neurogenesis and cognition through intranasal co-delivery of galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) and neuropeptide Y receptor 1 (NPY1R) agonists: a potential pharmacological strategy for cognitive dysfunctions

“…Animals were randomly divided into five groups: [ 1 ] Control: distilled water; (2) M1145- treated group (132 µg); (3) Y1R agonist-treated group receiving the NPY1R agonist [Leu31- Pro34]NPY (132 µg); (4) M1145 + Y1R: group administered with both substances; (5) M1145 + Y1R + M871: group treated with M1145, [Leu31- Pro34]NPY and the GALR2 antagonist (M871; 132 µg) (n = 6 in each group). Dosage selection was based on prior research [ 13 , 39 , 50 ].…”

“…Recent research, notably by Canatelli-Mallat et al [ 12 ], has highlighted that in middle-aged (MA) rats, a decrease in immature (DCX-positive) neurons in the dorsal hippocampus does not correlate with performance in object recognition tasks, yet shows significance in spatial memory tasks. This emphasizes the specific role of the dorsal hippocampus in spatial context and object recognition, whereas other brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, are instrumental in recognizing object features [ 13 ].…”

Neuropeptide Y receptor 1 and galanin receptor 2 (NPY1R-GALR2) interactions in the dentate gyrus and their relevance for neurogenesis and cognition

“…The complexity of interactions between NPY and GAL extends beyond individual roles, with substantial research uncovering the ways they influence one another through NPY1R-GALR2 interactions. These interactions are noted in intricate brain regions, such as the amygdala, dorsal and ventral hippocampus, various hypothalamic regions, and the medial prefrontal cortex ( Narvaez et al, 2015 , 2016 , 2018 ; Borroto-Escuela et al, 2021 , 2022 ; Mirchandani-Duque et al, 2022 ; Diaz-Sanchez et al, 2023 ). Recent experimental studies have probed into these connections, exploring the ways NPY1R and GALR2 agonists stimulate proliferation in DG neuronal precursor cells in vivo at a 24-hour mark ( Borroto-Escuela et al, 2022 ; Mirchandani-Duque et al, 2022 ).…”

Long‐term enhancements in antidepressant efficacy and neurogenesis: Effects of intranasal co‐administration of neuropeptide Y 1 receptor (NPY1R) and galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) agonists in the ventral hippocampus

“…This cross-talk could explain the synergistic or antagonistic effects observed in experimental studies when both neuropeptides are administered simultaneously. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Our recent experimental studies have delved into these interactions, exploring how NPY1R and GALR2 agonists stimulate proliferation in ventral neuronal precursors in the dentate gyrus, demonstrating antidepressive-like actions within 24 h. 40,43 These insights could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches in treating mental disorders.…”

“…These heteroreceptor complexes enable cross‐talk between NPY and GAL signaling pathways, potentially amplifying or modulating the effects of each neuropeptide on mood regulation. This cross‐talk could explain the synergistic or antagonistic effects observed in experimental studies when both neuropeptides are administered simultaneously 36–42 . Our recent experimental studies have delved into these interactions, exploring how NPY1R and GALR2 agonists stimulate proliferation in ventral neuronal precursors in the dentate gyrus, demonstrating antidepressive‐like actions within 24 h 40,43 .…”