Decreased levels of the brain specific 24S-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol precursors in serum of multiple sclerosis patients

Malformation syndromes caused by disorders of cholesterol synthesis

“…Oxysterols can be cytotoxic, induce apoptosis, or modulate the immune response [reviewed by Vejux and Lizard ( 159 )]. Altered oxysterol homeostasis may contribute to or be a marker of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, and macular degeneration ( 155,(159)(160)(161)(162).…”

Oxysterols and neurodegenerative diseases

“…Patients with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS) also have decreased levels of 24S-OHC in the circulation (Leoni et al 2002;Teunissen et al, 2003) and this decrease was found to correlate with the disease burden evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Karrenbauer et al, 2006). In contrast, young patients with an early stage of the disease had normal and in some cases even increased levels of 24S-OHC.…”

Cytotoxic effects of oxysterols associated with human diseases: Induction of cell death (apoptosis and/or oncosis), oxidative and inflammatory activities, and phospholipidosis

“…Since 24-hydroxycholesterol is produced by the brain-specific cytochrome P450-enzyme cholesterol-24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1), which is located in neurons as well as in oligodendrocytes, altered plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol may be expected during neurodegeneration and demyelination in multiple sclerosis (Teunissen et al, 2003). In agreement with this hypothesis, abnormal concentrations of 24S-hydroxycholesterol were found in the serum of patients with multiple sclerosis, suggesting that this oxysterol could be a biomarker of this disease (Leoni et al, 2002(Leoni et al, , 2004Teunissen et al, 2007).…”