Decreased Levels of Circulating IL-21 in HIV-Infected AIDS Patients: Correlation with CD4<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Counts

Iannello, Alexandre; Tremblay, Cécile; Routy, Jean Pierre; Boulassel, Mohamed Rachid; Toma, Emil; Ahmad, Ali

doi:10.1089/vim.2008.0025

Cited by 64 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Recent experiments with mice have established that interleukin-21 (IL-21) is the major mediator produced by CD4 T cells that promotes optimal CD8 T cell functions during chronic viral infection (84,101,272). Circulating IL-21 concentrations are reduced in HIV-infected subjects and correlate with CD4 T cell counts (130,131), indicating that CD4 T cells are an important source of IL-21 in humans as well as in mice. Taken together, there is evidence that HIV infection can indirectly lead to the depletion of CD8 T cells that recognize microbial antigens, and this may contribute to susceptibility to opportunistic infections, including TB.…”

Section: Hiv Effects On Tb Immunity: Evidence For and Against Selectimentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

2011

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SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics have had deadly consequences around the world. Without adequate control of the TB-HIV syndemic, the long-term TB elimination target set for 2050 will not be reached. There is an urgent need for additional resources and novel approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of both HIV and TB. Moreover, multidisciplinary approaches that consider HIV and TB together, rather than as separate problems and diseases, will be necessary to prevent further worsening of the HIV-TB syndemic. This review examines current knowledge of the state and impact of the HIV-TB syndemic and reviews the epidemiological, clinical, cellular, and molecular interactions between HIV and TB.

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Section: Hiv Effects On Tb Immunity: Evidence For and Against Selectimentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

2011

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“…Indeed, on the basis of results from a small cross-sectional study, we reported earlier that serum levels of the cytokine were significantly reduced in patients with chronic HIV infection (26). We have now performed much larger cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to better understand the dynamics of cytokine production in different stages of the infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Consequences of IL-21 Production in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study

Iannello

Boulassel

Samarani

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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134

126

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IL-21 is a relatively newly discovered immune-enhancing cytokine that plays an essential role in controlling chronic viral infections. It is produced mainly by CD4+ T cells, which are also the main targets of HIV-1 and are often depleted in HIV-infected individuals. Therefore, we sought to determine the dynamics of IL-21 production and its potential consequences for the survival of CD4+ T cells and frequencies of HIV-specific CTL. For this purpose, we conducted a series of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on different groups of HIV-infected patients and show in this study that the cytokine production is compromised early in the course of the infection. The serum cytokine concentrations correlate with CD4+ T cell counts in the infected persons. Among different groups of HIV-infected individuals, only elite controllers maintain normal production of the cytokine. Highly active antiretroviral therapy only partially restores the production of this cytokine. Interestingly, HIV infection of human CD4+ T cells inhibits cytokine production by decreasing the expression of c-Maf in virus-infected cells, not in uninfected bystander cells. We also show that the frequencies of IL-21–producing HIV-specific, but not human CMV-specific, Ag-experienced CD4+ T cells are decreased in HIV-infected viremic patients. Furthermore, we demonstrate in this study that recombinant human IL-21 prevents enhanced spontaneous ex vivo death of CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected patients. Together, our results suggest that serum IL-21 concentrations may serve as a useful biomarker for monitoring HIV disease progression and the cytokine may be considered for immunotherapy in HIV-infected patients.

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“…Nos études ont permis de montrer que les taux sériques d' IL-21 étaient considérablement réduits chez les patients infectés par le VIH-1 [22,23]. Ces études ont été réalisées dans une large cohorte de patients au stade de la primo-infection, chez des patients chroniquement infectés avec ou sans traitement antirétroviral ainsi que chez différentes catégories de patients non progresseurs à long terme (aussi appelés « contrôleurs élites ») [38].…”

Section: Rôle De L'il-21 Dans Le Contrôle De L'infection Par Le Vih-1unclassified

L’interleukine-21, une cytokine clé dans le contrôle du VIH et d’autres infections virales chroniques

Iannello¹,

Allam²,

Samarani³

et al. 2012

Med Sci (Paris)

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Decreased Levels of Circulating IL-21 in HIV-Infected AIDS Patients: Correlation with CD4⁺ T-Cell Counts

Cited by 64 publications

References 15 publications

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

Dynamics and Consequences of IL-21 Production in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study

L’interleukine-21, une cytokine clé dans le contrôle du VIH et d’autres infections virales chroniques

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Decreased Levels of Circulating IL-21 in HIV-Infected AIDS Patients: Correlation with CD4+ T-Cell Counts

Cited by 64 publications

References 15 publications

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

Dynamics and Consequences of IL-21 Production in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study

L’interleukine-21, une cytokine clé dans le contrôle du VIH et d’autres infections virales chroniques

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Decreased Levels of Circulating IL-21 in HIV-Infected AIDS Patients: Correlation with CD4⁺ T-Cell Counts