Decreased intraocular pressure in dogs with one-kidney, one wrapped hypertension.

Bell, David R.; Hollingsworth, Sarah; Overbeck, H W

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.10.2.152

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The lower postoperative hematocrit in hypertensive dogs probably reflects volume expansion accompanying this form of hypertension. 7 Results of this assay were similar to those we have reported for assay of plasma from one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats using a similar homologous cultured cell system (but in the absence of monensin).…”

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confidence: 84%

“…Trends for increases in heart weight reached statistical significance when heart weight was normalized for body weight, as in our previous studies. 7 Hypertensive dogs had rises averaging 35% (p < 0.001) in mean arterial pressure, decreases averaging 8% (p < 0.02) in hematocrit, increases averaging 8% (p < 0.01) in plasma potassium concentration, and rises averaging 33% (p < 0.001) in plasma creatinine concentration. In no hypertensive dog did average postoperative creatinine concentration exceed 1.65 mg/dl, or roughly double normal levels.…”

Section: General Outcomementioning

confidence: 94%

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Hypertensive dog plasma inhibits the Na+-K+ pump of cultured vascular smooth muscle.

et al. 1988

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SUMMARY We investigated the effects of plasma from dogs with perinephritk hypertension on theReceived June 9, 1987; accepted March 24, 1988. cell for the putative humoral inhibitor in hypertension; intracellular ion concentrations are easily measured, facilitating data interpretation; and use of unprocessed plasma avoids creation, modification, release, or destruction of inhibitory or stimulatory factors by acidification, boiling, or freezing. 2 -3 There is evidence for humoral pump inhibitors in dogs with chronic one-kidney, one wrapped (1K1W) perinephritic hypertension.4 -5 However, the best evidence to date involves boiled plasma supernates assayed in rat tail artery strips. 3 In the present study, we used our homologous cultured cell assay to reexamine this form of hypertension. Fresh, unprocessed plasma obtained within 60 minutes of bleeding was layered over cultured dog aortic smooth muscle cells, and effects on 86 Rb + uptake were measured. To detect temporal changes in levels of humoral inhibitor, blood was assayed repeatedly over the first 6 weeks of hypertension. To detect endothelial cell modulation of the inhibition, we also assayed with cocultures. Finally, because there is evidence that humoral inhibitors in hypertensive rats may induce Na + -K + pump molecules in vascu-

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confidence: 84%

Section: General Outcomementioning

confidence: 94%

Hypertensive dog plasma inhibits the Na+-K+ pump of cultured vascular smooth muscle.

et al. 1988

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“…renovascular hypertension, or secondarily to loss of functioning nephrons. Occurrence of renovascular hypertension in dogs has been verified by the Goldblatt model in which hypertension is induced by constricting the renal arteries [3,4,19,23,32]. However, in order to consider renal hypertension in small animal practice, more common nephron loss-associated hypertension is important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Hypertension and Effects of Benazepril Hydrochloride in a Canine Remnant Kidney Model of Chronic Renal Failure

Mishina

Watanabe

2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In order to determine whether hypertension would develop in dogs with chronic renal failure, we performed 7/8 renal ablation in 6 healthy dogs and compared pre-and post-ablation blood pressures determined by telemetry. One month after the renal ablation, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly increased (p<0.05), creatinine clearance was decreased (p<0.05), and blood pressure was increased significantly (p<0.05). Simultaneously, plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone were elevated significantly (p<0.05) compared with the values obtained from 11 healthy dogs with intact renal function. The dogs with induced renal failure and hypertension were administered an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, benazepril hydrochloride, once daily for 2 weeks at 2 mg/kg body weight, and changes in blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system were determined. During the administration of benazepril hydrochloride, blood pressure, angiotensin II and aldosterone decreased significantly (p<0.05) and, upon discontinuation of administration, increased to the pre-administration levels (p<0.05). Plasma renin activity and angiotensin I showed no significant changes throughout the administration study. These results provide experimental evidence that hypertension develops in dogs with chronic renal failure through mechanisms involving the RAA system and demonstrate that benazepril hydrochloride improves renal hypertension in dogs. KEY WORDS: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, benazepril, canine, renal ablation, renal hypertension.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70 (5): [455][456][457][458][459][460] 2008 Hypertension is classified into essential and secondary hypertension and, in humans, essential hypertension accounts for 80 to 90% of hypertension patients [24]. In contrast, essential hypertension is relatively rare in veterinary practice [7,33]. Underlying reasons are that hypertension per se has no characteristic symptoms and blood pressure is not routinely determined in veterinary practice. Therefore, it is important to diagnose diseases that would lead to secondary hypertension and to identify the risk of developing secondary hypertension. Causes of secondary hypertension include renoparenchymal diseases, renovascular diseases, diabetes, Cushing syndrome, primary hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma and hypothyroidism and, of those, renoparenchymal disease-associated hypertension is most common in humans [24]. The mechanism of renal hypertension is thought to involve renal insufficiency-associated body fluid retention, increases in cardiac output and peripheral vessel resistance, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system and suppression of the kallikrein-kinin-prostaglandin system [2,3,17].A link between chronic renal failure and hypertension has been suggested in dogs and cats [1,6,12,13,22,26,27,29,30,34,[36][37][38]. Activation of the RAA system and development of hypertension in association with renal failure have been reported in cats [20,30,41]. ...

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“…However, a causal role of renal diseases in hypertension has not been established in small animals. In this regard, Goldblatt hypertension, induced by constricting the renal artery, has been developed in dogs as an animal model of renovascular hypertension [2,3,15,21,30], providing evidence that renovascular hypertension can develop in dogs through activation of the RAA system. Yet, spontaneous occurrence of renovascular hypertension has not been described in small animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Benazepril Hydrochloride in Cats with Experimentally Induced or Spontaneously Occurring Chronic Renal Failure

Watanabe

Mishina

2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We examined effects of an angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor, benazepril hydrochloride (BH), on renal hypertension and chronic renal failure (CRF) in cats. For experimental CRF, healthy cats (n=5) underwent 7/8 renal ablation. After renal insufficiency and hypertension were confirmed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and telemetric recording of systemic blood pressure, BH was administered orally once daily at 0.9 to 2.0 mg/kg/day for 2 to 3 weeks. Within 2 months after renal ablation, renal failure and hypertension developed as evidenced by significant increases in BUN, serum creatinine and systemic blood pressure (p<0.01 or 0.05) and significantly decreased creatinine clearance accompanied by elevated plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone (p<0.01 or 0.05). BH administration corrected systemic hypertension (p<0.05) and significantly reduced angiotensin II and aldosterone (p<0.05). Upon discontinuation of BH, these values returned to the pre-administration levels. Studies on spontaneous CRF enrolled 11 cats with spontaneously occurring CRF. BH was administered orally to 6 cats once daily for 24 weeks at a final dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day, while 5 cats served as control. BH administration reduced serum creatinine and urinary protein concentration in every cat. Results demonstrate that in cats, loss of renal mass leads to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and associated renal hypertension, and indicate that BH is effective in correcting renal hypertension and may provide renal benefits to cats with CRF. KEY WORDS: benazepril hydrochloride, chronic renal failure, feline, hypertension.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(10): 1015-1023, 2007 Hypertension can be classified into essential hypertension and secondary hypertension. While the cause of essential hypertension is unknown, the most frequent form of secondary hypertension is renal hypertension [22]. Development of renal hypertension involves retention of body fluid occurring with renal dysfunction, increases in cardiac output and peripheral blood vessel resistance, increased activities of pressor factors, such as the renin-angiotensinaldosterone (RAA) system, and suppression of depressor factors, including the kallikrein-kinin-prostaglandin system [13,37]. Similar to human practice, the incidence of chronic renal failure (CRF) and associated hypertension has been increasing recently in small animal practice [20,29,38], necessitating its diagnostic criteria and therapies.In small animal practice, radical therapies such as kidney transplantation are not practical for the treatment of CRF and, in general, symptomatic and conservative treatments are used in an attempt to improve uremic symptoms and to prevent the progression of renal insufficiency. It has been demonstrated in both experimental animals and humans that hyperactivation of the RAA system and resultant hypertension play a pivotal role in the progression of renal failure [35,43]. In deed, antagonism of the RAA system by either angio...

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Decreased intraocular pressure in dogs with one-kidney, one wrapped hypertension.

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Hypertensive dog plasma inhibits the Na+-K+ pump of cultured vascular smooth muscle.

Hypertensive dog plasma inhibits the Na+-K+ pump of cultured vascular smooth muscle.

Development of Hypertension and Effects of Benazepril Hydrochloride in a Canine Remnant Kidney Model of Chronic Renal Failure

Effects of Benazepril Hydrochloride in Cats with Experimentally Induced or Spontaneously Occurring Chronic Renal Failure

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