Decreased IgG Antibody Response to Viral Protein Mimotopes of Oncogenic Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Sera From Healthy Elderly Subjects

Mazziotta, Chiara; Lanzillotti, Carmen; Govoni, Marcello; Pellielo, Giulia; Mazzoni, Elisa; Tognon, Mauro; Martini, Fernanda; Rotondo, John Charles

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.738486

Cited by 5 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Antibodies are critical players in the protection against infectious diseases. Mainly, neutralizing antibodies play a critical role during viral infections [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ]. For coronaviruses, most antibodies are directed to the S and N antigens of the virus during natural infections [ 75 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG-Based Vaccines Elicit Antigen-Specific Adaptive and Trained Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and Andes orthohantavirus

et al. 2022

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Background:Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine mainly administered to newborns and used for over 100 years to prevent the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). This vaccine can induce immune response polarization towards a Th1 profile, which is desired for counteracting M. tb, other mycobacteria, and unrelated intracellular pathogens. The vaccine BCG has been used as a vector to express recombinant proteins and has been shown to protect against several diseases, particularly respiratory viruses. Methods: BCG was used to develop recombinant vaccines expressing either the Nucleoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 or Andes orthohantavirus. Mice were immunized with these vaccines with the aim of evaluating the safety and immunogenicity parameters. Results: Immunization with two doses of 1 × 108 CFU or one dose of 1 × 105 CFU of these BCGs was safe in mice. A statistically significant cellular immune response was induced by both formulations, characterized as the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Stimulation with unrelated antigens resulted in increased expression of activation markers by T cells and secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ, while increased secretion of IL-6 was found for both recombinant vaccines; all of these parameters related to a trained immunity profile. The humoral immune response elicited by both vaccines was modest, but further exposure to antigens could increase this response. Conclusions: The BCG vaccine is a promising platform for developing vaccines against different pathogens, inducing a marked antigen-specific immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG-Based Vaccines Elicit Antigen-Specific Adaptive and Trained Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and Andes orthohantavirus

et al. 2022

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“…In conclusion, circulating IgGs/IgMs against MCPyV were identified in sera from HC. Comparative analyses with previous data suggest that MCPyV infection is common in children, adults and elders [17, 22]. Upon an early‐in‐life seroconversion, MCPyV seropositivity peaks in late childhood/young adulthood, and remains at relatively high prevalence and without substantial variations throughout life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The reliability of our immunoassay in detecting circulating anti‐MCPyV IgGs has previously been proven [17, 21, 22]. Herein, we extended the analysis evaluating its reliability for detecting circulating IgMs to MCPyV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (Abs) against MCPyV have been reported at a relatively high prevalence in different healthy human populations [17,[21][22][23], including children/adolescents [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. However, variating rates have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, these systems provide time consuming/expensive protocols, which might be susceptible to methodological flaws [17]. In a previous investigation, we set-up a reliable immunoassay with linear peptides/mimotopes mimicking portions of the MCPyV VPs to detect serum IgGs against MCPyV [17,21,22]. We designed two different peptides mimicking portions of MCPyV VP1 and VP2 in order to obtain more consistent findings and increase, in turn, the robustness of the method in detecting anti-MCPyV IgGs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunological evidence of an early seroconversion to oncogenic Merkel cell polyomavirus in healthy children and young adults

et al. 2022

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Oncogenic Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) provokes a widespread and asymptomatic infection in humans. Herein, sera from healthy children and young adults (HC, n = 344) aged 0-20 years old were evaluated for anti-MCPyV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies employing a recently developed immunoassay.Serum MCPyV IgG data from healthy subjects (HS, n = 510) and elderlies (ES, n = 226), aged 21-65/66-100 years old, from our previous studies, were included.The anti-MCPyV IgG and IgM rates in HC sera were 40.7% and 29.7%, respectively. A lower prevalence of anti-MCPyV IgGs was found in HC aged 0-5 years old (13%) compared to 6-10 (52.3%), 11-15 (60.5%) and 16-20 years old (61.6%) cohorts. Age-stratified HCs exhibited similar anti-MCPyV IgM rates (27.9%-32.9%). Serological profiles indicated that anti-MCPyV IgGs and IgMs had low optical densities (ODs) during the first years of life, while IgM ODs appeared to decrease throughout young adulthood. A lower anti-MCPyV IgGs rate was found in HC (40.7%) than HS (61.8%) and ES (63.7%). Upon the 5-years range age-stratification, a lower anti-MCPyV IgGs rate was found in the younger HC cohort aged 0-5 years old compared to the remaining older HC/HS/ES cohorts (52.3%-72%).The younger HC cohort exhibited the lowest anti-MCPyV IgG ODs than the older cohorts. Low anti-MCPyV IgMs rates and ODs were found in the 21-25 (17.5%) and 26-30 (7.7%) years old cohorts. Our data indicate that, upon an early-in-life seroconversion, the seropositivity for oncogenic MCPyV peaks in late childhood/ young adulthood and remains at high prevalence and relatively stable throughout life.

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Risk of Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients With Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Eid,

Maloney,

Cai

et al. 2023

JAMA Dermatol

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ImportanceThe risk of subsequent primary cancers after a diagnosis of cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is not well established.ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of subsequent primary cancers after the diagnosis of a first primary cutaneous MCC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed data from 17 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019. In all, 6146 patients diagnosed with a first primary cutaneous MCC were identified.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the relative and absolute risks of subsequent primary cancers after the diagnosis of a first primary MCC, which were calculated using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR; ratio of observed to expected cases of subsequent cancer) and the excess risk (difference between observed and expected cases of subsequent cancer divided by the person-years at risk), respectively. Data were analyzed between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019.ResultsOf 6146 patients with a first primary MCC diagnosed at a median (IQR) age of 76 (66-83) years, 3713 (60.4%) were men, and the predominant race and ethnicity was non-Hispanic White (5491 individuals [89.3%]). Of these patients, 725 (11.8%) developed subsequent primary cancers, with an SIR of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.19-1.38) and excess risk of 57.25 per 10 000 person-years. For solid tumors after MCC, risk was elevated for cutaneous melanoma (SIR, 2.36 [95% CI, 1.85-2.97]; excess risk, 15.27 per 10 000 person-years) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (SIR, 5.26 [95% CI, 3.25-8.04]; excess risk, 6.16 per 10 000 person-years). For hematologic cancers after MCC, risk was increased for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR, 2.62 [95% CI, 2.04-3.32]; excess risk, 15.48 per 10 000 person-years).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that patients with MCC had an increased risk of subsequently developing solid and hematologic cancers. This increased risk may be associated with increased surveillance, treatment-related factors, or shared etiologies of the other cancers with MCC. Further studies exploring possible common etiological factors shared between MCC and other primary cancers are warranted.

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Decreased IgG Antibody Response to Viral Protein Mimotopes of Oncogenic Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Sera From Healthy Elderly Subjects

Cited by 5 publications

References 82 publications

BCG-Based Vaccines Elicit Antigen-Specific Adaptive and Trained Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and Andes orthohantavirus

BCG-Based Vaccines Elicit Antigen-Specific Adaptive and Trained Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and Andes orthohantavirus

Immunological evidence of an early seroconversion to oncogenic Merkel cell polyomavirus in healthy children and young adults

Risk of Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients With Merkel Cell Carcinoma

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