Decreased humoral immunity to mumps in young adults immunized with MMR vaccine in childhood

Abstract

In the past decade, multiple mumps outbreaks have occurred in the United States, primarily in close-contact, high-density settings such as colleges, with a high attack rate among young adults, many of whom had the recommended 2 doses of mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Waning humoral immunity and the circulation of divergent wild-type mumps strains have been proposed as contributing factors to mumps resurgence. Blood samples from 71 healthy 18- to 23-year-old college students living in a non-outbreak area were assayed for antibodies and memory B cells (MBCs) to mumps, measles, and rubella. Seroprevalence rates of mumps, measles, and rubella determined by IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were 93, 93, and 100%, respectively. The index standard ratio indicated that the concentration of IgG was significantly lower for mumps than rubella. High IgG avidity to mumps Enders strain was detected in sera of 59/71 participants who had sufficient IgG levels. The frequency of circulating mumps-specific MBCs was 5 to 10 times lower than measles and rubella, and 10% of the participants had no detectable MBCs to mumps. Geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers (GMTs) by plaque reduction neutralization to the predominant circulating wild-type mumps strain (genotype G) were 6-fold lower than the GMTs against the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain (genotype A). The majority of the participants (80%) received their second MMR vaccine ≥10 years prior to study participation. Additional efforts are needed to fully characterize B and T cell immune responses to mumps vaccine and to develop strategies to improve the quality and durability of vaccine-induced immunity.

HPV-Specific Systemic Antibody Responses and Memory B Cells are Independently Maintained up to 6 Years and in a Vaccine-Specific Manner Following Immunization with Cervarix and Gardasil in Adolescent and Young Adult Women in Vaccination Programs in Italy

“…The results also indicated that some of the analyzed immunological parameters and percentage of seropositive subjects in the pre-teen cohorts (10-12 y) tended to be higher than in the young adults cohorts (16-20 y) for both vaccines, which confirmed that the older age of the women enrolled is a parameter that might affect immunogenicity [51][52][53][54]. We also observed high levels of anti-HPV-6 and HPV-11 humoral responses (IgG titers and memory B cells) in subjects who received the Gardasil vaccine approximately six years earlier, which implied a sustainable and strong immunologic response also against the low-risk HPV types elicited by the quadrivalent vaccine and confirming other observations [25].…”

Combining genomics and epidemiology to track mumps virus transmission in the United States

“…Thirty of these sites were conserved between our sequences and a cell-passaged clinical strain that was isolated from Iowa in 2006 (accession: JX287385), near the beginning of mumps resurgence in the US. The Iowa 2006 strain was previously shown to be neutralized by sera from both vaccinated and naturally infected individuals, but to a lower degree than neutralization of the Jeryl Lynn strain itself [29][30][31], raising the possibility that some of these mutations may confer partly reduced neutralization susceptibility. In addition, we observed 2 positions at which our sequences differed from both the Jeryl Lynn and the Iowa 2006 strains.…”

Influenza Immunization in the Context of Preexisting Immunity

“…This is significantly higher than is found for other common vaccine antigens such as mumps, measles, rubella, or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ( Fig. 1B,C; Rasheed et al 2019;Eberhardt et al 2020). Additionally, influenza vaccine-specific plasma cells account for ∼1% of total IgG plasma cells in the bone marrow ( Fig.…”

“…Influenza vaccine-reactive IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody titers were measured in healthy human adults by ELISA (n = 38) (A). Frequency of antigen-specific memory B cells specific for mumps, measles, rubella, and influenza (B), or of VZV and influenza (C) were measured by stimulation of PBMCs and quantification by ELISpot as previously described (Rasheed et al 2019;Eberhardt et al 2020). VZV and influenza-specific IgG bone marrow plasma cells were quantified by ELISpot and plotted as the percentage of total IgG secreting bone marrow plasma cells (D).…”