Decreased HDL-Dependent Paraoxonase and Arylesterase Enzyme Activity May Indicate a Worse Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological cancer characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells.The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) in multiple myeloma with and without free light chain excretion(FLCe-MM and NFLCe-MM); as well as to investigate possible alterations in oxidative stress parameters. Materials and Methods: Total thiol (T.thl), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were examined in addition to the PON1 and ARE enzyme activities in twenty one FLCe-MM and nineteen NFLCe-MM subjects. Routine parameters like lipid panel, serum total protein, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid and hemoglobin levels were compared with the oxidative stress markers. Results: Serum total protein, BUN, creatinin, and uric acid levels were significantly higher (p=0.04, p=0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.0022, respectively), while hemoglobin and albumin levels were significantly lower in FLCe-MM patients (p=0.009 and p=0.04,respectively). PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in patients with FLCe-MM compared to those with NFLCe-MM (p=0.001 and p=0.008, respectively). Conclusions: Depending on our results of prognostic markers of MM such as age, hemoglobin, albumin, and creatinine we feel confident to presume FLCe-MM as a subgroup with a worse prognosis. A decrease in PON1 and ARE activities may contribute to the prognosis and may be used as a prognostic tool in MM.

The relationship between serum ferritin levels and serum lipids and HDL function with respect to age and gender

“…On the other hand, it has been recently ac knowledged that HDL functionality is more critical than its concentration [19,42,43]. PON1 and ARE, which are important indicators of HDL function, are multifunctional enzymes that have antioxidant, antiatherogenic, lactonase and homocysteinethio lactonase activities [44,45]. In our smaller group of 100 individuals, although there was a negative correlation between HDLC and SFer levels, there was no correlation between SFer levels and PON1 or ARE activities.…”

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Q192R Gene Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Based on 30 Publications

“…Notably, in the stratified analysis by ethnicity, a significantly reduced risk of the overall cancers under allele contrast model was uncovered in Caucasian. Previous studies indicated that PON1 192 Q allele carriers were reported to be lower than that of the R carriers (Davies et al, 1996;Mackness et al, 1997;Li et al, 2000), and a lower PON1 level was regarded as a risk for cancer (Ellidag et al, 2014); notably, allele distributions varied obviously in control groups when stratified by the ethnic group, a result consistent with those reported by the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) for Caucasian (Q: 0.668) and Asian population (Q: 0.430).…”

Elevated Serum 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosine, Nitrite, and Nitrate in Patients with Stage I Multiple Myeloma

“…An 8-OHdG provides a useful indicator and reliable approach for the assessment of oxidative DNA damage in vivo. Elevated oxidative DNA damage in patients with MM cancer may be associated with previous studies, which have indicated the decrease in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system as well as increase in free radicals or reactive metabolites in MM patients (24)(25)(26)(27). Nitrite and nitrate are both eventual fates of nitric oxide (NO) oxidation, known as end-products of endogenous NO metabolism.…”