Decreased glucose metabolism causes separation of hoof lamellae <i>in vitro</i>: a trigger for laminitis?

Pass, Michael A.; Pollitt, Sandra; Pollitt, Christopher C.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1998.tb05132.x

Cited by 98 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…It has been demonstrated that decreased glucose availability causes separation of hoof lamellae in vitro suggesting insulin resistance may be involved in the pathogenesis of laminitis by decreasing laminar glucose metabolism (Pass et al 1998;Treiber et al 2006a). Glucocorticoids are suggested to precipitate laminitis (Eustace and Redden 1990) and in agreement recent studies have shown that dexamethasone treatment can induce insulin resistance in horses (Firshman et al 2005;Tiley et al 2007Tiley et al , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal glucose metabolism and peripheral insulin sensitivity in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

Klinkhamer

Menheere

Kolk

2011

Veterinary Quarterly

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Background: Glucocorticoids are suggested to precipitate laminitis and induce insulin resistance in horses. Hypothesis/Objectives: To assess insulin sensitivity and the basal amount of glucose metabolized in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Animals and methods: The euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC) technique was performed in seven horses with a diagnosis of PPID based on the presence of hypertrichosis and positive dexamethasone suppression-test results comprising one gelding and six mares with a mean age of 21.1 AE 5.8 (SD; range 15-34) years. Results were compared with those from five negative (healthy) controls comprising two geldings and two mares with a mean age of 10.0 AE 2.5 (range 7-13) years and six positive (diseased) controls comprising two geldings and four mares with a mean age of 12.5 AE 4.5 (range 8-21) years examined during the same period. Differences were assessed by means of the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Mean basal rate of glucose metabolism (9.0 AE 4.2 versus 16.0 AE 5.2 mmol/kg BW/min; p ¼ 0.030) and mean glucose metabolism rate-to-plasma insulin concentration ratio (2.9 AE 1.6 versus 6.2 AE 2.7 Â 10 À6; p ¼ 0.048) were significantly lower in PPID horses than in negative controls, respectively. No differences were found between both control groups. Conclusions and clinical importance: In horses suffering from PPID it seems important to reduce the insulin resistance, thereby potentially decreasing the risk of laminitis as being a major complication of equine PPID. Plasma glucose concentration following fasting might be considered in the screening of horses for PPID.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal glucose metabolism and peripheral insulin sensitivity in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

Klinkhamer

Menheere

Kolk

2011

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…This theory is derived from the observation that, using an in vitro explant model, hoof lamellar keratinocytes were shown to have a critical glucose Laminitis and the Equine Metabolic Syndrome 241 requirement and that keratinocyte separation from underlying basement membrane occurs when glucose is insufficient. 39 More recently, insulin has been shown to not affect glucose uptake through HLI explants and the insulin-dependent glucose transporter (GLUT-4) is not present in hoof keratinocytes. 40 Therefore, if glucose dysregulation is pivotal to the risk for laminitis associated with IR, it is not based on an insulin-dependent glucose uptake mechanism through hoof-lamellar keratinocytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Laminitis and the Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Johnson

Wiedmeyer

LaCarrubba

et al. 2010

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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Although much has been written about laminitis in the context of its association with inflammatory processes, such as dietary carbohydrate overload and endotoxemia, [1][2][3][4][5] recognition is growing that most cases of laminitis examined by veterinarians in private practice are those associated with pasture grazing, obesity, and insulin resistance (IR). 6,7 The term endocrinopathic laminitis has been adopted to classify the instances of laminitis in which the origin seems to be more strongly associated with an underlying endocrinopathy, such as either IR or the influence of corticosteroids. [8][9][10][11] Results of a recent study suggest that obesity and IR represent the most common metabolic and endocrinopathic predispositions for laminitis in horses. 6,12 IR also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of laminitis that develops when some horses or ponies are allowed to graze pastures at certain times of the year (pasture-associated laminitis [PAL]). [12][13][14][15] Moreover, IR is provoked by and contributes to pathophysiologic processes associated with endotoxemia and systemic inflammation under the more classic circumstances associated with risk for acute laminitis, such as grain overload, retention of fetal membranes, and gastroenteritis. 16,17 However, a recent study using the oligofructose model showed that experimentally induced laminitis was not associated with a loss of insulin sensitivity. 18 The term equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) has been proposed as a label for horses whose clinical examination results (including both physical examination and laboratory testing) suggest heightened risk for developing laminitis as a result of underlying IR. 19 EMS is not a disease per se, but rather is a clustering of clinical abnormalities that, when identified collectively in a given patient, indicates that the likelihood of developing laminitis is greater than in individuals lacking the EMS criteria. Use of the term EMS is especially practical for distinguishing affected horses from those affected with either Cushing's (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction [PPID]) or hypothyroidism, with which EMS is often confused. 19 The clinical importance of diagnosing EMS centers on the fact that recognized risk factors for laminitis can subsequently be avoided in the affected individual. Preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk for laminitis should be rigorously emphasized in EMS-affected horses and ponies.Recently, the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) commissioned a panel of EMS-interested specialists to develop a consensus statement that would help define the syndrome based on current knowledge. 20 During development of the consensus statement, contents of the working draft were presented and discussed at the ACVIM Annual Forum in Montreal, Canada and some of the following comments will be based on those discussions. 20 Ongoing experimental and clinical studies will help better define EMS (which is distinctly different to the human metabolic syndrome 21 ) in the next few years. D...

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“…Sabe-se que as células epidermais do tecido laminar são extremamente dependentes de glicose (Pass et al, 1998) e, consequentemente, poderiam ser afetadas pela resistência insulínica característica da obesidade. Contudo, foi relatado que a captação de glicose nas lâminas do casco não parece ser dependente de insulina (Asplin et al, 2007;Walsh et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Relação entre obesidade, insulina plasmática e posicionamento da falange distal em equinos da raça Crioula

Paz

Paganela

Santos³

et al. 2013

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Verificaram-se características radiográficas do posicionamento da falange distal em relação ao estojo córneo em equinos da raça Crioula e correlacionaram-se tais achados com sinais de obesidade e concentrações plasmáticas de insulina. Consideraram-se dois grupos com base no escore da condição corporal (ECC). A média de idade entre os grupos foi de 9,2±5,8 anos em indivíduos normais (ECC 5-7) e de 10,3±3,7 anos em obesos (ECC 8-9). Diferenças estatísticas entre grupos ocorreram para valores de peso, perímetro torácico, escore da condição corporal, escore da crista do pescoço, comprimento do pescoço, circunferência do pescoço em três regiões referentes a 25%, 50% e 75% do comprimento do pescoço e entre o posicionamento da falange distal em relação ao estojo córneo. O ângulo formado entre as superfícies dorsais de falange distal e casco (ângulo de rotação) correlacionou-se estatisticamente com ECC (r = 0,30; P=0,02) e com peso e perímetro torácico (r = 0,50; P<0,01). Quanto à concentração de insulina plasmática, foram encontradas correlações positivas com ECP (r = 0,40; P<0,01) e com ângulo de rotação (r = 0,23; P = 0,08), e correlação negativa com idade (r = -0,42; P<0,01). Em oito animais (27%) o ângulo de rotação foi maior que 2 graus; destes, 25% eram normais e 75%, obesos (P<0,05). Aparentemente, em equinos da raça Crioula, características morfométricas no casco diferiram dos padrões internacionais obtidos de outras raças. A obesidade interferiu na relação espacial da falange distal com o estojo córneo, indicando que os animais obesos dessa raça são mais propensos a desenvolver laminite.

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Decreased glucose metabolism causes separation of hoof lamellae in vitro: a trigger for laminitis?

Cited by 98 publications

References 21 publications

Basal glucose metabolism and peripheral insulin sensitivity in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

Basal glucose metabolism and peripheral insulin sensitivity in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

Laminitis and the Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Relação entre obesidade, insulina plasmática e posicionamento da falange distal em equinos da raça Crioula

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