Decreased Fc receptor expression on innate immune cells is associated with impaired antibody-mediated cellular phagocytic activity in chronically HIV-1 infected individuals

Dugast, Anne‐Sophie; Tonelli, Anna; Berger, Christoph T.; Ackerman, Margaret E.; Sciaranghella, Gaia; Liu, Qingquan; Sips, Magdalena; Tóth, Ildikó; Piechocka-Trocha, Alicja; Ghebremichael, Musie; Alter, Galit

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2011.03.012

Cited by 73 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Thus, they can respond significantly more quickly than bnAbs, making them very important in the initial immunological response to HIV infection. However, while ADCP develops relatively early in HIV infection (60), due to decreased Fc receptor expression on phagocytic cells with disease progression, its clearing efficiency can be affected (61). Therefore, ADCP mediated by vaccine-induced Abs against HIV-1 may be a particularly important protective correlate, as has been shown in vaccinated rhesus macaques (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the V2, V3, CD4-Binding Site, and gp41 of HIV-1 Mediate Phagocytosis in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Musich

Liu

et al. 2017

J Virol

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In light of the weak or absent neutralizing activity mediated by anti-V2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), we tested whether they can mediate Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), which is an important element of anti-HIV-1 immunity. We tested six anti-V2 MAbs and compared them with 21 MAbs specific for V3, the CD4-binding site (CD4bs), and gp41 derived from chronically HIV-1-infected individuals and produced by hybridoma cells. ADCP activity was measured by flow cytometry using uptake by THP-1 monocytic cells of fluorescent beads coated with gp120, gp41, BG505 SOSIP.664, or BG505 DS-SOSIP.664 complexed with MAbs. The measurement of ADCP activity by the area under the curve showed significantly higher activity of anti-gp41 MAbs than of the members of the three other groups of MAbs tested using beads coated with monomeric gp41 or gp120; anti-V2 MAbs were dominant compared to anti-V3 and anti-CD4bs MAbs against clade C gp120 ZM109 . ADCP activity mediated by V2 and V3 MAbs was positive against stabilized DS-SOSIP.664 trimer but negligible against SOSIP.664 targets, suggesting that a closed envelope conformation better exposes the variable loops. Two IgG3 MAbs against the V2 and V3 regions displayed dominant ADCP activity compared to a panel of IgG1 MAbs. This superior ADCP activity was confirmed when two of three recombinant IgG3 anti-V2 MAbs were compared to their IgG1 counterparts. The study demonstrated dominant ADCP activity of anti-gp41 against monomers but not trimers, with some higher activity of anti-V2 MAbs than of anti-V3 and anti-CD4bs MAbs. The ability to mediate ADCP suggests a mechanism by which anti-HIV-1 envelope Abs can contribute to protective efficacy.IMPORTANCE Anti-V2 antibodies (Abs) correlated with reduced risk of HIV-1 infection in recipients of the RV144 vaccine, suggesting that they play a protective role, but a mechanism providing such protection remains to be determined. The rare and weak neutralizing activities of anti-V2 MAbs prompted us to study Fc-mediated activities. We compared anti-V2 MAbs with other MAbs specific for V3, CD4bs, and gp41 for Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activity, implicated in protective immunity. The anti-V2 MAbs displayed stronger activity than other anti-gp120 MAbs in screening against one of two gp120s and against DS-SOSIP, which mimics the native trimer. The activity of anti-gp41 MAbs was superior in targeting monomeric gp41 but was comparable to that seen against trimers, which may not adequately expose gp41 epitopes. While anti-envelope MAbs in general mediated ADCP activity, anti-V2 MAbs displayed some dominance compared to other MAbs. Our demonstration that anti-V2 MAbs mediate ADCP activity suggests a functional mechanism for their contribution to protective efficacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the V2, V3, CD4-Binding Site, and gp41 of HIV-1 Mediate Phagocytosis in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Musich

Liu

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…Second, IgG2 subclass antibodies, in combination with the Fc␥R2a allele capable of interacting with IgG2, are associated with delayed progression (23). Lastly, progressive infection is associated with decreased expression of Fc␥R2a, correlating with reduced ability to phagocytose immune complexes (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Phagocytic Activity of HIV-Specific Antibodies Correlates with Natural Production of Immunoglobulins with Skewed Affinity for FcγR2a and FcγR2b

Ackerman

Dugast

McAndrew

et al. 2013

J Virol

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While development of an HIV vaccine that can induce neutralizing antibodies remains a priority, decades of research have proven that this is a daunting task. However, accumulating evidence suggests that antibodies with the capacity to harness innate immunity may provide some protection. While significant research has focused on the cytolytic properties of antibodies in acquisition and control, less is known about the role of additional effector functions. In this study, we investigated antibody-dependent phagocytosis of HIV immune complexes, and we observed significant differences in the ability of antibodies from infected subjects to mediate this critical effector function. We observed both quantitative differences in the capacity of antibodies to drive phagocytosis and qualitative differences in their Fc␥R usage profile. We demonstrate that antibodies from controllers and untreated progressors exhibit increased phagocytic activity, altered Fc domain glycosylation, and skewed interactions with Fc␥R2a and Fc␥R2b in both bulk plasma and HIV-specific IgG. While increased phagocytic activity may directly influence immune activation via clearance of inflammatory immune complexes, it is also plausible that Fc receptor usage patterns may regulate the immune response by modulating downstream signals following phagocytosis-driving passive degradation of internalized virus, release of immune modulating cytokines and chemokines, or priming of a more effective adaptive immune response.

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“…FcγRI (CD64) expression is induced by IFNγ under proinflammatory conditions, such as acute HIV infection [77], on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and mast cells [29]. FcγRI is the high affinity receptor for IgG, binding monomeric IgG and small immune complexes and has a specialised function in the endocytosis [78] and inactivation of toxins [79].…”

Section: Fcγri the High Affinity Fcγrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody functional assays as measures of Fc receptor-mediated immunity to HIV - new technologies and their impact on the HIV vaccine field.

Wines¹,

Billings²,

Mcleand³

et al. 2017

CHR

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Background:There is now intense interest in the role of HIV-specific antibodies and the engagement of FcγR functions in the control and prevention of HIV infection. The analyses of the RV144 vaccine trial, natural progression cohorts, and macaque models all point to a role for Fc-dependent effector functions, such as cytotoxicity (ADCC) or phagocytosis (ADCP), in the control of HIV. However, reliable assays that can be reproducibly used across different laboratories to measure Fcdependent functions, such as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) are limited. Method: This brief review highlights the importance of Fc properties for immunity to HIV, particularly via FcγR diversity and function. We discuss assays used to study FcR mediated functions of HIV-specific Ab, including our recently developed novel cell-free ELISA using homo-dimeric FcγR ectodomains to detect functionally relevant viral antigen-specific antibodies. Results: The binding of these dimeric FcγR ectodomains, to closely spaced pairs of IgG Fc, mimics the engagement and cross-linking of Fc receptors by IgG opsonized virions or infected cells as the essential prerequisite to the induction of Ab-dependent effector functions. The dimeric FcγR ELISA reliably correlates with ADCC in patient responses to influenza. The assay is amenable to high throughput and could be standardized across laboratories. Conclusion: We propose the assay has broader implications for the evaluation of the quality of antibody responses in viral infections and for the rapid evaluation of responses in vaccine development campaigns for HIV and other viral infections.

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Decreased Fc receptor expression on innate immune cells is associated with impaired antibody-mediated cellular phagocytic activity in chronically HIV-1 infected individuals

Cited by 73 publications

References 46 publications

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the V2, V3, CD4-Binding Site, and gp41 of HIV-1 Mediate Phagocytosis in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the V2, V3, CD4-Binding Site, and gp41 of HIV-1 Mediate Phagocytosis in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Enhanced Phagocytic Activity of HIV-Specific Antibodies Correlates with Natural Production of Immunoglobulins with Skewed Affinity for FcγR2a and FcγR2b

Antibody functional assays as measures of Fc receptor-mediated immunity to HIV - new technologies and their impact on the HIV vaccine field.

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