Decreased excretion of antimicrobial proteins and peptides in saliva of patients with oral candidiasis

Abstract

These results conclusively suggest that oral candidiasis is associated with salivary gland hypofunction and that decreases of salivary antibacterial proteins induce Candida overgrowth.

Fitness level impacts salivary antimicrobial protein responses to a single bout of cycling exercise

“…While the lactoferrin concentrations reported here are slightly lower than those reported in other studies, this is likely the result of differences in assay sensitivity rather than an indication of actual depressions in lactoferrin levels (Tanida et al 2003;Ueta et al 2000;West et al 2010). The differences in flow rate and sAMP concentrations observed in the present study may be related to differences in parasympathetic nervous system activity as saliva flow rate and protein secretion are primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system (Bishop and Gleeson 2009).…”

“…The sAMPs play a pivotal role in maintaining mucosal immune integrity (Allgrove et al 2008;Bals and Hiemstra 2004;Papacosta and Nassis 2011;West et al 2006) by working synergistically to curtail invading bacteria, viruses, and fungi (De Smet and Contreras 2005;Radek and Gallo 2007;West et al 2006) and are vital in both the prevention and clearance of many types of infection (Bowdish et al 2005;Davison et al 2009;West et al 2006). In particular, infections of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract (URTI) are associated with depressed levels of sAMPs (Table 1) (Bartlett et al 2008;Bishop and Gleeson 2009;Dale et al 2006;Doss et al 2010;Laube et al 2006;Putsep et al 2002;Tanida et al 2003;Tao et al 2005;Ueta et al 2000;West et al 2006), highlighting their prominent role in first--line immune defense.…”

Mouse salivary glands and human β-defensin-2 as a study model for antimicrobial gene therapy: technical considerations

“…Since hBD-2 is more potent than hBD-1, overexpressing hBD-2 in human saliva appears to be a logical approach for oral infection control. A study has shown that individuals who develop oral candidiasis have lower hBD expression in saliva, including hBD-2 [36]. Together with our finding of some loss of hBD-2 integrity (down to 60%) in human saliva, these facts further support the approach of overexpressing hBD-2 in saliva via gene transfer of salivary glands to compensate for this loss.…”

Extracellular Ca2+ Sensing in Salivary Ductal Cells

“…in phenylketonuria or tyrosinemia) induce some of their effects by inappropriate activation and/or down-regulation of CSR in key sites (43). It is of interest that saliva contains several endogenous polyvalent cations which could potentially decrease threshold for activation of CSR (44). Thus, the CSR function can be positively or negatively regulated depending on the saliva constituents.…”