Decreased CSF Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Alzheimer's Disease

Appleyard, Margaret E.; Smith, A.D.; Wilcock, Gordon; Esiri, Margaret M.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90409-9

Cited by 61 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In AD the levels of ChE or AChE in the CSF were reported to be decreased Appleyard et al, 1983Appleyard et al, , 1987Arendt et al, 1984;Nakano et al, 1986;Atack et al, 1988 b;Kaye et al, 1988 b;Urakami et al, 1989;Kumar et al, 1990), or unchanged (Johnson and Domino, 1971;Davies, 1979;Wood et al, 1982;Deutsch et al, 1983;Lal et al, 1984;Tune et al, 1985;Bisso et al, 1986;Huff et al, 1986;Elble et al, 1987;Ruberg et al, 1987). The severity of dementia in AD was in some studies found to be related to low levels of AChE in the CSF, but the decrease has been only of moderate degree even in the most severely demented patients (Soininen et al, 1984a; P. Hartikainen etal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As to the protein content and composition in the CSF in AD, PD, and ALS patients, no consistent concept exists Appleyard et al, 1983;Jonker et al, 1982;Elovaare et al, 1985). In the present study, PD and ALS subjects differed from controls, but the result is difficult to interpret due to the great variance between the groups which caused a limitation to use age adjusted statistical methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and normal controls

Hartikainen¹,

Reinikainen²,

Soininen³

et al. 1992

J Neural Transm Gen Sect

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Several neurotransmitter markers were investigated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 27), Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 35) and ALS (n = 26) and from control subjects (n = 34) to compare the possible alterations in the biochemical profiles of these different neurodegenerative diseases. The main proportion of the patients represented an early phase of the illness at the time of the diagnosis. Correlations of the degree of dementia and the stage of the disease with CSF measures were evaluated. The CSF levels of somatostatin like-immunoreactivity (SLI) were significantly reduced in AD patients when compared with those of normals and ALS patients. The CSF concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA) were significantly decreased for PD patients and the decrease focused on the non-demented patients. A trend of decreasing HVA values towards the most advanced stage of Parkinson's disease assessed by Webster's scale was also displayed. The content of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in the CSF was higher for ALS patients than for other groups. The lowest 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5HIAA) levels were observed in the PD group and the lowest acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were found in the PD patients with the most severe disease. Changes in CSF measures were too subtle to be beneficial for diagnostic purposes, but adequate for reflecting the different neurochemical profiles of these three degenerative neurological disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and normal controls

Hartikainen¹,

Reinikainen²,

Soininen³

et al. 1992

J Neural Transm Gen Sect

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“…Both reduced (Soininen et al, 1981Appleyard et al, 1983;Arendt etal., 1984;Thal, 1985;Tune etal., 1985;Gomez etal., 1986;Szilagyi etal., 1987;Reinikainen et al, 1988;Elble et al, 1989;Urakami etal., 1989) and unchanged (Johnson and Domino, 1971;Davies etal., 1979;Wood etal., 1982;Deutsch etal., 1985;Marquis etal., 1985;Elble etal., 1987;Hartikainen et al, 1992) levels of ChE/AChE activity in the cerebrospinal fluid (enzyme unit per volume) have been found in the patients with AD. Moreover, AChE activity in lumbar CSF has been reported to correlate with cerebral atrophy in AD patients (Pearlson and Tune, 1986), and the d~ree of dementia as well as the Alzheimer-related symptoms (dyspraxia, dysphasia) were related to lower AChE activity in lumbar CSF in a group of patients with progressive dementia (Wester, 1988).…”

Section: Cholinesterasesincerebrospinalfluidmentioning

confidence: 95%

Brain and cerebrospinal fluid cholinesterases in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and aging. A critical review of clinical and experimental studies

Sirviö¹,

Riekkinen²

1992

J Neural Transm Gen Sect

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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme responsible for the break-down of acetylcholine, is found both in cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system. In addition to its role in the catabolism of acetylcholine, AChE have other functions in brain, e.g. in the processing of peptides and proteins, and in the modulation of dopaminergic neurons in the brain stem. Several clinical and experimental studies have investigated AChE in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in aging and dementia. The results suggest that brain AChE and its molecular forms show interesting changes in dementia and aging. However, CSF-AChE activity is not a very reliable or sensitive marker of the integrity and function of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain complex. Additional work is needed to clarify the role of AChE abnormality in the formation of pathology changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

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“…The emerging consensus is that total CSF-AChE levels decrease modestly as dementia progresses. The proportion of G 1 is enriched, but the changes are not specific for early diagnostic and prognostic utility [11]–[14]. Nonetheless, measurement of AChE levels in AD might have some value in monitoring disease progression and is still of interest due to increasing evidence linking β-amyloid processing and AChE activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Levels of Acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer Plasma

et al. 2010

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BackgroundMany studies have been conducted in an extensive effort to identify alterations in blood cholinesterase levels as a consequence of disease, including the analysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in plasma. Conventional assays using selective cholinesterase inhibitors have not been particularly successful as excess amounts of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) pose a major problem.Principal FindingsHere we have estimated the levels of AChE activity in human plasma by first immunoprecipitating BuChE and measuring AChE activity in the immunodepleted plasma. Human plasma AChE activity levels were ∼20 nmol/min/mL, about 160 times lower than BuChE. The majority of AChE species are the light G1+G2 forms and not G4 tetramers. The levels and pattern of the molecular forms are similar to that observed in individuals with silent BuChE. We have also compared plasma AChE with the enzyme pattern obtained from human liver, red blood cells, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain, by sedimentation analysis, Western blotting and lectin-binding analysis. Finally, a selective increase of AChE activity was detected in plasma from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to age and gender-matched controls. This increase correlates with an increase in the G1+G2 forms, the subset of AChE species which are increased in Alzheimer's brain. Western blot analysis demonstrated that a 78 kDa immunoreactive AChE protein band was also increased in Alzheimer's plasma, attributed in part to AChE-T subunits common in brain and CSF.ConclusionPlasma AChE might have potential as an indicator of disease progress and prognosis in AD and warrants further investigation.

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Decreased CSF Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 61 publications

References 9 publications

Neurochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and normal controls

Neurochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and normal controls

Brain and cerebrospinal fluid cholinesterases in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and aging. A critical review of clinical and experimental studies

Altered Levels of Acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer Plasma

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