“…; Molin et al . ). However, the extent to which electrogenic NKA activity in vascular smooth muscle contributes to membrane potential varies between experimental preparation and vascular beds.…”
Section: The Na+/ca2+ Exchanger – Structure Function and Regulationmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The NKA in VSM, as in myocardial cells, sets and maintains the Na + and K + electrochemical gradient and, in this way, modulates the activity of other membrane ion channels and signalling pathways (Shelly et al 2004;Zhang et al 2005). The relatively high input impedance of VSM cells also means that the electrogenic pump can theoretically directly and substantially modulate membrane potential (and hence Ca 2+ influx) with activation of the pump causing hyperpolarization and relaxation, and inhibition causing depolarization and vasoconstriction (Casteels et al 1977;Quinn et al 2000;Burns et al 2004;Molin et al 2005). However, the extent to which electrogenic NKA activity in vascular smooth muscle contributes to membrane potential varies between experimental preparation and vascular beds.…”
Section: Question or Controversy: Blood Pressure Controlcentral Role mentioning
This paper is the third in a series of reviews published in this issue resulting from the University of California Davis Cardiovascular Symposium 2014: Systems approach to understanding cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and arrhythmias: Na+ channel and Na+ transport. The goal of the symposium was to bring together experts in the field to discuss points of consensus and controversy on the topic of sodium in the heart. The present review focuses on cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA). While the relevance of Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac function has been extensively investigated, the role of Na+ regulation in shaping heart function is often overlooked. Small changes in the cytoplasmic Na+ content have multiple effects on the heart by influencing intracellular Ca2+ and pH levels thereby modulating heart contractility. Therefore it is essential for heart cells to maintain Na+ homeostasis. Among the proteins that accomplish this task are the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the Na+/K+ pump (NKA). By transporting three Na+ ions into the cytoplasm in exchange for one Ca2+ moved out, NCX is one of the main Na+ influx mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. Acting in the opposite direction, NKA moves Na+ ions from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space against their gradient by utilizing the energy released from ATP hydrolysis. A fine balance between these two processes controls the net amount of intracellular Na+ and aberrations in either of these two systems can have a large impact on cardiac contractility. Due to the relevant role of these two proteins in Na+ homeostasis, the emphasis of this review is on recent developments regarding the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and Na+/K+ pump and the controversies that still persist in the field.
“…; Molin et al . ). However, the extent to which electrogenic NKA activity in vascular smooth muscle contributes to membrane potential varies between experimental preparation and vascular beds.…”
Section: The Na+/ca2+ Exchanger – Structure Function and Regulationmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The NKA in VSM, as in myocardial cells, sets and maintains the Na + and K + electrochemical gradient and, in this way, modulates the activity of other membrane ion channels and signalling pathways (Shelly et al 2004;Zhang et al 2005). The relatively high input impedance of VSM cells also means that the electrogenic pump can theoretically directly and substantially modulate membrane potential (and hence Ca 2+ influx) with activation of the pump causing hyperpolarization and relaxation, and inhibition causing depolarization and vasoconstriction (Casteels et al 1977;Quinn et al 2000;Burns et al 2004;Molin et al 2005). However, the extent to which electrogenic NKA activity in vascular smooth muscle contributes to membrane potential varies between experimental preparation and vascular beds.…”
Section: Question or Controversy: Blood Pressure Controlcentral Role mentioning
This paper is the third in a series of reviews published in this issue resulting from the University of California Davis Cardiovascular Symposium 2014: Systems approach to understanding cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and arrhythmias: Na+ channel and Na+ transport. The goal of the symposium was to bring together experts in the field to discuss points of consensus and controversy on the topic of sodium in the heart. The present review focuses on cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA). While the relevance of Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac function has been extensively investigated, the role of Na+ regulation in shaping heart function is often overlooked. Small changes in the cytoplasmic Na+ content have multiple effects on the heart by influencing intracellular Ca2+ and pH levels thereby modulating heart contractility. Therefore it is essential for heart cells to maintain Na+ homeostasis. Among the proteins that accomplish this task are the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the Na+/K+ pump (NKA). By transporting three Na+ ions into the cytoplasm in exchange for one Ca2+ moved out, NCX is one of the main Na+ influx mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. Acting in the opposite direction, NKA moves Na+ ions from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space against their gradient by utilizing the energy released from ATP hydrolysis. A fine balance between these two processes controls the net amount of intracellular Na+ and aberrations in either of these two systems can have a large impact on cardiac contractility. Due to the relevant role of these two proteins in Na+ homeostasis, the emphasis of this review is on recent developments regarding the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and Na+/K+ pump and the controversies that still persist in the field.
“…Porém, considerava-se que o órgão lesionado era o responsável por gerar a hipertensão. Estes modelos experimentais ainda são bem estudados em roedores, denominando-se animais "dois rins um clipe" ou "um rim um clipe", quando apropriado (MOLIN; SGUILLA; BENDHACK, 2005;OLIVEIRA-SALES et al, 2016).…”
Tabela 2. Parâmetros farmacológicos de eficácia (Rmax) e potência (pEC50) extraídos das curvas concentração-resposta para angiotensina II após uma lavagem da preparação, seja na condição controle (wo = washout) ou após tratamento in situ com TRV027 por 15 minutos seguido de uma lavagem (TRV027 + wo) em segmentos de artérias mesentéricas de animais db/+ e db/db. Os valores expressos correspondem à média ± erro padrão da média de resposta máxima em miliNewtons por milímetro de artéria (Rmax mN/mm) ou da pEC50 e analisadas pela ANOVA de uma via seguida do teste de Tukey (*) p < 0,05; n = 7 experimentos independentes. .
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