Decreased compliance in the deep and superficial conduit veins of the upper arm during prolonged cycling exercise

Abstract

We examined whether there is a difference in compliance between the deep and superficial conduit veins of the upper arm in response to prolonged exercise. Eight young men performed cycling exercise at 60% of peak oxygen uptake until rectal temperature had been increased by 1.1°C for 38–48 min. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the brachial (deep) and basilic (superficial) veins was assessed by ultrasound during a cuff deflation protocol. Compliance (CPL) was calculated as the numerical derivative of the cuff pressure and CSA curve. During prolonged exercise, CPL in both conduit veins was similarly decreased when compared with pre‐exercise values; however, the CSA decreased in the deep vein but increased in the superficial vein. In addition, passive heating caused an analogous change in CSA and CPL of superficial vein when compared with prolonged exercise, but did not change CSA and CPL of deep vein. Cold pressor test induced the decreased CSA of deep and superficial veins without the alteration of CPL of both veins. These results suggest that CPL in the deep and superficial conduit veins adjusts to prolonged exercise via different mechanisms.

Compliance in the deep and superficial conduit veins of the nonexercising arm is unaffected by short-term exercise

“…However, the prolonged exercise in the previous study (Oue et al. ) was accompanied by a significant increase in core temperature. Since the elevation of core temperature during passive heating was known to be one of conceivable factors that altered CPL (Tripathi et al.…”

“…From the simultaneous reductions in CSA and CPL during prolonged exercise in our previous study (Oue et al. ), we hypothesized that a decrease in CSA would induce a parallel decrease in CPL probably due to exercise‐induced sympathoexcitation (venoconstriction). Similarly, we hypothesized that CPL during short‐term exercise would also vary according to different modes and intensity of exercise (Lewis et al.…”

“…From the simultaneous reductions in CSA and CPL during prolonged exercise seen in our previous study (Oue et al. ), it was thought that the decrease in CPL was induced by exercise‐induced sympathoexcitation (venoconstriction). However, the prolonged exercise in the previous study (Oue et al.…”

“…This was the first report of reduction in CPL at the level of a single conduit vein during exercise, despite ample data for venous CPL in a whole limb measured by venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) (Freeman et al 2002;Monahan and Ray 2004;Hernandez and Franke 2005;Young et al 2006;Delaney et al 2008). From the simultaneous reductions in CSA and CPL during prolonged exercise seen in our previous study (Oue et al 2017), it was thought that the decrease in CPL was induced by exercise-induced sympathoexcitation (venoconstriction). However, the prolonged exercise in the previous study (Oue et al 2017) was accompanied by a significant increase in core temperature.…”

“…The CPL in a single conduit vein during exercise has not been adequately examined, although we previously found that prolonged dynamic cycling exercise produced significantly decreased CPL and cross‐sectional area (CSA) in a single conduit vein in the nonexercising upper arm (Oue et al. ). This was the first report of reduction in CPL at the level of a single conduit vein during exercise, despite ample data for venous CPL in a whole limb measured by venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) (Freeman et al.…”