Decreased CD4 and increased CD8 counts with T cell activation is associated with chronic helminth infection

Kalinkovich, Alexander; Weisman, Z.; Greenberg, Z; Nahmias, J; Eitan, S; Stein, Miguel; Bentwich, Zvi

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00736.x

Cited by 136 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Impairment of T-helper cell function appears to be a constitutive feature of GD, since it is not affected by disease severity, effectiveness of treatment, previous splenectomy, or other features. Low CD4+ cell count is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as HIV infection (Catalfamo et al 2011) and chronic parasitic infestations (Kalinkovich et al 1998), and may result from an increased rate of apoptosis in the CD4+ cell compartment, something already described in chronic immune stimulationassociated diseases and conditions (Jelley-Gibbs et al 2005). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Severe Impairment of Regulatory T-Cells and Th1-Lymphocyte Polarization in Patients with Gaucher Disease

et al. 2014

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We investigated peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations and intracellular expression of IFN-g, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, by whole blood flow cytometry, in 22 type I Gaucher disease (GD) patients. Results were compared with those of 19 sex-and age-matched controls. Patients with GD exhibited decreased frequencies and absolute numbers of CD3+/CD4+ helper T lymphocytes (40.8 AE 9.8% vs. 49.4 AE 5.7%, p ¼ 0.002, and 0.77 AE 0.33 vs. 1.04 AE 0.28 Â 10 9 /mL, p ¼ 0.011), as well as increased frequencies of CD3+CD8+ suppressor T lymphocytes (23.8 AE 8.0% vs. 18.4 AE 3.8%, p ¼ 0.010), resulting in a significantly decreased CD4/CD8 cell ratio (p < 0.001). Moreover, they had significantly increased percentages of IFNg-producing both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (p ¼ 0.0003 and p ¼ 0.023, respectively), implying a TH-1 polarization pattern. Finally, patients with GD had decreased percentages and absolute numbers of CD4 +CD25 dim T lymphocytes (p ¼ 0.033 and p ¼ 0.007, respectively), of CD4+CD25 high T lymphocytes (p ¼ 0.039 and p ¼ 0.016, respectively), and of CD4+CD25 high FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (p ¼ 0.036 and p ¼ 0.019, respectively). Our results demonstrate that patients with GD have a significant numerical impairment of T-helper lymphocytes and a constitutive TH1 direction pattern of activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells, associated with a significant decrease of T-regs. Ineffective T-cell control may explain the chronic inflammatory reaction and the increased incidence of lymphoid malignancies, which have been repeatedly reported among patients with GD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Severe Impairment of Regulatory T-Cells and Th1-Lymphocyte Polarization in Patients with Gaucher Disease

et al. 2014

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“…Studies relating AIDS patients to opportunistic infections have shown that HAART has contributed to HIV infection control and to the reconstitution of patient immune systems, leading to a reduction in the occurrence of opportunistic infections, including those caused by intestinal parasites (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malnutrition has a serious influence on immunity aspects, including the production of cytokines and antibodies, particularly Th2 profile (21)(22)(23). Recent research has also reported that intestinal helminth infections result in immune responses that involve cytokines produced by Th2 cells, with IgE production, eosinophilia, and mastocytosis (24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Amâncio¹,

Pascotto²,

Souza³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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This study applied a socioeconomic questionnaire designed to evaluate the frequency of intestinal parasites and characterize epidemiological, nutritional, and immunological variables in 105 HIV/AIDS patients -with and without parasitic infections, attending the Day Hospital in Botucatu, UNESP, from 2007 to 2008. Body mass index was calculated and the following tests performed: parasitological stool examinations; eosinophil, IgE, CD4 + T and CD8 + T lymphocyte cell counts; albumin test; viral load measure; and TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-5 and IL-10 cytokine levels. Results were positive for parasitic intestinal infections in 12.4% of individuals. Most patients had good socioeconomic conditions with basic sanitation, urban dwellings, treated water supply and sewage, good nutritional and immunological status and were undergoing HAART. Parasites were found at the following frequencies: Entamoeba -five patients (38.5%), Giardia lamblia -four (30.7%), Blastocystis hominis -three (23.0%), Endolimax nana -two (15.4%), and Ascaris lumbricoides -one (7.7%). There were no significant differences between the two groups for eosinophils, albumin, IgE, CD4 + T and CD8 + T lymphocytes, INF-γ, IL-2, or IL-10. Most patients also showed undetectable viral load levels. Significant differences were found for TNF-α and IL-5. These results show the importance of new studies on immunodeficient individuals to increase understanding of such variables.

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“…Changes in PBMC composition, with an increase in the number of CD8 ϩ cells and a decrease in the number of CD4 ϩ cells, have been observed in individuals with general immune activation caused by persistent helminthic infection (13,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased CD8⁺-T-Cell Expression and a Type 2 Cytokine Pattern during the Muscular Phase ofTrichinellaInfection in Humans

Morales¹,

Mele²,

Sanchez

et al. 2002

Infect Immun

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Cell-mediated immunity during the muscular phase of Trichinella infection in humans was studied. Cell proliferation, the phenotypic changes in the T-cell population, and expression and production of cytokines were examined by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected at different times postinfection from 10 individuals who had acquired Trichinella spiralis and five individuals who had acquired Trichinella britovi in two distinct outbreaks. T. spiralis and T. britovi crude worm extracts induced proliferation of PBMC from T. spiralis-and T. britovi-infected donors. Cytokine gene expression showed a predominant type 2 pattern for the entire period of infection studied, although gamma interferon (IFN-␥) was expressed. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-␥ production was found in PBMC of all donors. There was a good correspondence between the cytokine expression and production patterns. Changes in PBMC composition, with a trend toward an increase in CD8 ؉ lymphocyte counts, were observed.The genus Trichinella is a group of nematodes which have a worldwide distribution and which cause trichinellosis in humans (15). Humans are infected by eating raw or undercooked meat or meat products (sausages, salami, etc.) from swine, horses, or game animals that are infected with larvae of these worms. In Italy, the main etiological agent of human trichinellosis is Trichinella britovi; however, some human infections have been attributed to consumption of products from imported animals infected with Trichinella spiralis (17).From 4 to 5 days after ingestion of infected meat, the larvae develop to the adult stage in a row of columnar epithelial cells in the small intestine. Six days after ingestion, the adult worms begin to reproduce, and the newborn larvae migrate across the lamina propria of the villus into the lymph and bloodstream. However, only the newborn larvae that reach striated muscles develop to the infective stage. In laboratory mice, the intestinal phase is longer for T. spiralis than for T. britovi and the female fecundity of T. spiralis is at least twice than that of T. britovi. These differences explain the different clinical pictures obtained for humans infected with these two species (20). Intestinal symptomatology (diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting) occurs more frequently and lasts longer in human T. spiralis infections than in human T. britovi infections (20).When a larva penetrates a muscle cell, it causes the cell to become what is known as a nurse cell, and it becomes infective 15 to 16 days later (i.e., 21 to 22 days after ingestion of infected meat) (6).After ingestion of larvae, a host develops an immunity-mediated inflammatory response at the intestinal level, and this is followed by rapid expulsion of some of the larvae from the intestine (3). Studies conducted with mouse and rat models have suggested that antibodies play the most important role in this response, which depends on type Th2 cytokines derived from CD4 ϩ cells, and that mucosal mast cells also play an important rol...

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Decreased CD4 and increased CD8 counts with T cell activation is associated with chronic helminth infection

Cited by 136 publications

References 51 publications

Severe Impairment of Regulatory T-Cells and Th1-Lymphocyte Polarization in Patients with Gaucher Disease

Severe Impairment of Regulatory T-Cells and Th1-Lymphocyte Polarization in Patients with Gaucher Disease

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Increased CD8⁺-T-Cell Expression and a Type 2 Cytokine Pattern during the Muscular Phase ofTrichinellaInfection in Humans

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Decreased CD4 and increased CD8 counts with T cell activation is associated with chronic helminth infection

Cited by 136 publications

References 51 publications

Severe Impairment of Regulatory T-Cells and Th1-Lymphocyte Polarization in Patients with Gaucher Disease

Severe Impairment of Regulatory T-Cells and Th1-Lymphocyte Polarization in Patients with Gaucher Disease

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Increased CD8+-T-Cell Expression and a Type 2 Cytokine Pattern during the Muscular Phase ofTrichinellaInfection in Humans

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Increased CD8⁺-T-Cell Expression and a Type 2 Cytokine Pattern during the Muscular Phase ofTrichinellaInfection in Humans