Decreased Callosal Thickness in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Lüders, Eileen; Narr, Katherine L.; Hamilton, Liberty S.; Phillips, Owen R.; Thompson, Paul M.; Valle, Jessica S.; Del’Homme, Melissa; Strickland, Tony L.; McCracken, James T.; Toga, Arthur W.; Levitt, Jennifer G.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.027

Cited by 70 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…One of the most consistent findings from studies of anatomical connectivity, in children and adolescents with ADHD, is reduced fractional anisotropy (Hamilton et al 2008;Makris et al 2008;Luders et al 2009;Konrad et al 2010) of fronto-striatal tracts (within the cortico-striatal network) and fronto-parietal tracts (within the ventral and dorsal attention network). These findings have been supported by some (Dickstein et al 2006;Rubia 2011;Cubillo et al 2012) but not all studies of functional connectivity (Tian et al 2006;Uddin et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Double-dissociation between the mechanism leading to impulsivity and inattention in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A resting-state functional connectivity study

Sanefuji

Craig

Parlatini

et al. 2017

Cortex

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Two core symptoms characterize Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes: inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity. While previous brain imaging research investigated ADHD as if it was a homogenous condition, its two core symptoms may originate from different brain mechanisms. We, therefore, hypothesized that the functional connectivity of cortico-striatal and attentional networks would be different between ADHD subtypes. We studied 165 children (mean age 10.93 years; age range, 7-17 year old) diagnosed as having ADHD based on their revised Conner's rating scale score and 170 typical developing individuals (mean age 11.46 years; age range, 7-17 year old) using resting state functional fMRI. Groups were matched for age, IQ and head motion during the MRI acquisition. We fractionated the ADHD group into predominantly inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes based on their revised Conner's rating scale score. We then analyzed differences in resting state functional connectivity of the cortico-striatal and attentional networks between these subtypes. We found a double dissociation of functional connectivity in the cortico-striatal and ventral attentional networks, reflecting the subtypes of the ADHD participants. Particularly, the hyperactive-impulsive subtype was associated with increased connectivity in cortico-striatal network, whereas the inattentive subtype was associated with increased connectivity in the right ventral attention network. Our study demonstrated for the first time a right lateralized, double dissociation between specific networks associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattentiveness in ADHD children, providing a biological M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 basis for exploring symptom dimensions and revealing potential targets for more personalized treatments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Double-dissociation between the mechanism leading to impulsivity and inattention in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A resting-state functional connectivity study

Sanefuji

Craig

Parlatini

et al. 2017

Cortex

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“…The thickness of the corpus callosum is reported as reflecting either the number of fibers or the degree of myelination [11,12], and the signal on MRI relates to myelination.…”

Section: Normal Maturation Myelination Thickeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corpus callosum thickness in children: an MR pattern-recognition approach on the midsagittal image

et al. 2014

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Thickening of the corpus callosum is an important feature of development, whereas thinning of the corpus callosum can be the result of a number of diseases that affect development or cause destruction of the corpus callosum. Corpus callosum thickness reflects the volume of the hemispheres and responds to changes through direct effects or through Wallerian degeneration. It is therefore not only important to evaluate the morphology of the corpus callosum for congenital anomalies but also to evaluate the thickness of specific components or the whole corpus callosum in association with other findings. The goal of this pictorial review is raise awareness that the thickness of the corpus callosum can be a useful feature of pathology in pediatric central nervous system disease and must be considered in the context of the stage of development of a child. Thinning of the corpus callosum can be primary or secondary, and generalized or focal. Primary thinning is caused by abnormal or failed myelination related to the hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathies, metabolic disorders affecting white matter, and microcephaly. Secondary thinning of the corpus callosum can be caused by diffuse injury such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy, hydrocephalus, dysmyelinating conditions and demyelinating conditions. Focal disturbance of formation or focal injury also causes localized thinning, e.g., callosal dysgenesis, metabolic disorders with localized effects, hypoglycemia, white matter injury of prematurity, HIV-related atrophy, infarction and vasculitis, trauma and toxins. The corpus callosum might be too thick because of a primary disorder in which the corpus callosum finding is essential to diagnosis; abnormal thickening can also be secondary to inflammation, infection and trauma.

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“…These regions were even greater when analyses controlled for the presence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (Sasayama et al 2010). Among boys with ADHD (n ¼ 19), decreased callosal thickness was identified in anterior and posterior corpus callosum regions, with the largest reduction observed in isthmus region (which projects to parietal cortex and may be critical for sustaining attentional control) (Luders et al 2009). …”

Section: Nonfrontal Cortical Anomalies In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD: Volumetry, Motor, and Oculomotor Functions

Mahone

2011

Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Treatment

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The use of quantitative neuroimaging (volumetry), motor, and oculomotor assessments for studying children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has grown dramatically in the past 20 years. Most evidence to date suggests that anomalous basal ganglia development plays an important role in early manifestation of ADHD; however, widespread cerebellar and cortical delays are also observed and are associated with the behavioral (cognitive, motor, oculomotor) phenotype in children with ADHD. These motor and "executive" control systems appear to develop in parallel, such that both systems display a similar protracted developmental trajectory, with periods of rapid growth in elementary years and continued maturation into young adulthood. Development of each system is dependent on the functional integrity and maturation of related brain regions, suggesting a shared neural circuitry that includes frontostriatal systems and the cerebellum (i.e., those identified as anomalous in studies of volumetry in ADHD). Motor and oculomotor paradigms provide unique opportunities to examine executive control processes that exist at the interface between movement and cognition in children with ADHD, also linking cognition and neurological development. The observed pattern of volumetric differences, together with the known parallel development of motor and executive control systems, appears to predict motor and oculomotor anomalies in ADHD, which are highly relevant, yet commonly overlooked in clinical settings.

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Decreased Callosal Thickness in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 70 publications

References 38 publications

Double-dissociation between the mechanism leading to impulsivity and inattention in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A resting-state functional connectivity study

Double-dissociation between the mechanism leading to impulsivity and inattention in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A resting-state functional connectivity study

Corpus callosum thickness in children: an MR pattern-recognition approach on the midsagittal image

ADHD: Volumetry, Motor, and Oculomotor Functions

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