Decreased bone formation and increased mineral dissolution during acute fasting in young women

Grinspoon, Steven

doi:10.1210/jc.80.12.3628

Cited by 51 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…The present findings are in agreement with previous studies reporting an increase in bone resorption with weight loss (23) or acute fasting (24) which have each been demonstrated to cause an increase in bone resorption. Accordingly, refeeding has been shown to decrease resorptive processes (25).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Relationships between serum leptin and bone markers during stable weight, weight reduction and weight regain in male and female judoists

Prouteau¹,

Benhamou²,

Courteix³

2006

eur j endocrinol

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Objective: Despite a preliminary understanding of leptin -skeletal interactions, data in humans are inconsistent and the exact roles of leptin on bone metabolism have not yet been defined. The aim of this study was to examine the possible role of leptin in the regulation of bone metabolism in healthy, physically trained adults. Methods and Design: Body composition and bone mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), anthropometry, serum leptin, insulin, cortisol, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) and total plasma proteins were measured in judoists at normal body weight, after weight reduction and after weight regain. Physical training, weight cycling history, menstrual status and nutritional intake using a 7-day food record were assessed. Results: Precompetitive weight loss averaged 4^0.3% of bodyweight and resulted in a significant decrease in leptin levels of 64% (P , 0.001) and of 31% for insulin (P , 0.0001). CTx and cortisol concentrations rose by 33% (P , 0.0001) and 81% (P , 0.05) respectively. Osteocalcin and total plasma protein remained unaffected by weight loss. A 4^0.5% weight regain induced a 276% increase in leptin levels (P , 0.001) and an 18% increase in insulin (P , 0.001). CTx and cortisol decreased by 23% (P , 0.0001) and 27% (P , 0.05) respectively. Changes in leptin were significantly correlated with changes in bone resorption marker in response to both weight loss (r ¼ 0.56, P , 0.01) and regain (r ¼ 0.44, P , 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that leptin is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism in healthy adults and might play a potential role in the prevention of osteoporosis.European Journal of Endocrinology 154 389-395

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Relationships between serum leptin and bone markers during stable weight, weight reduction and weight regain in male and female judoists

Prouteau¹,

Benhamou²,

Courteix³

2006

eur j endocrinol

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“…The markers of bone turnover, including osteocalcin, collagen I carboxy-terminal propeptides, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline, decline significantly with short-term fasting, even in normal females (27). It suggests that those parameters change rapidly and prior to a detectable change in BMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of body weight history in the occurrence and recovery of osteoporosis in patients with anorexia nervosa: evaluation by dual X-ray absorptiometry and bone metabolic markers

Hotta

Shibasaki

Sato

et al. 1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

117

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In order to investigate the risk factors, pathogenesis and natural course of the osteoporosis frequently seen in anorexia nervosa, we measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine using dual X-ray absorptiometry in 51 Japanese female patients with anorexia nervosa, and followed the change in BMD of 29 patients for 11 to 46 months. We also evaluated the serum osteocalcin and the urinary CrossLaps, degradation products of collagen I, in 103 samples obtained from 51 patients. There was a significant correlation between the spinal BMD and the duration of emaciation below a body mass index (BMI) of 15 kg/m 2 (r ¼ ¹0.652, P < 0.0001) and 16 kg/m 2 (r ¼ ¹0.647, P < 0.0001). The increase in BMD per year in the 29 patients significantly correlated with the BMI at the time of entry of each follow-up period (r ¼ 0.712, P < 0.0001). The critical BMI for a positive increase in BMD was 16.4 Ϯ 0.3 kg/m 2 (mean Ϯ S.E.M.). The serum osteocalcin declined, while the urinary CrossLaps increased in proportion to a decrease in BMI. Both markers were normalized in patients whose BMI was between 16.4 and 18.5 kg/m 2 . The ratio of urinary CrossLaps to serum osteocalcin correlated with BMI (r ¼ ¹0.664, P < 0.0001).We conclude that the body weight history is the most important predictor of the presence of osteoporosis as well as of recovery. The BMD of patients does not increase to the normal range even several years after the recovery from this disorder, and they remain a high-risk group for osteoporosis in the future.

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“…Clinical studies show that weight loss in obese women increases the rate of bone turnover (68) and bone loss (69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74), and the response may differ during acutely low energy intake and fasting (75,76). The mechanism for these changes is not known but may possibly be related to a slow rise in parathyroid hormone (PTH), and a reduction in sex hormones (69,77).…”

Section: Effects On Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologic Effects of Lowering Caloric Intake in Nonhuman Primates and Nonobese Humans

Roberts¹,

Pi‐Sunyer²,

Kuller³

et al. 2001

The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and M

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Caloric restriction (CR) reduces the rate of aging and increases life span in all small animal species studied to date, but the effects of CR in humans remain uncertain. This review summarizes current knowledge of the effects of CR in nonhuman primates and humans. The results suggest that CR has a range of beneficial effects in nonhuman primates studied under laboratory conditions, and short-term markers of CR seen in animal models appear to occur in humans subject to CR also. However, the overall benefit of CR in human populations remains to be established, and studies in human populations are needed.EDUCING morbidity and delaying mortality in the elderly population are recognized as major goals of aging research (1,2). In addition to improving the quality of life for elderly individuals, even modest reductions in morbidity would have a major impact on national health care costs, which are disproportionately affected by the number of elderly subjects in the population. Studies in a wide range of nonprimate animal species have demonstrated repeatedly that caloric restriction (CR) significantly reduces the rate of aging and increases life span. In addition, emerging physiologic measures in nonhuman primate species are consistent with previously reported findings in rodents. However, it is not known whether these findings are applicable to humans. The focus of this review is the physiological effects of CR in humans and nonhuman primates, and related information on morbidity and mortality associations with CR is discussed.To a large extent, the lack of information on the effects of CR in humans reflects the difficulty of conducting longterm CR studies in human populations, both from the perspective of the ethical issues involved and from methodological considerations. The following background sections highlight available information and discuss information that may be relevant to future projects. S TUDIES IN N ONHUMAN P RIMATESCR studies were initiated in nonhuman primates more than 10 years ago because they could provide more controlled data on the effects of CR than would be obtained easily in humans. This summary focuses on findings from the three major studies of CR in primates (3-8). The first and largest of these was begun at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) in 1987 and now involves more than 200 monkeys of various ages and both genders. The second study, begun in 1989 at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW), involves about 80 monkeys of both genders. In the NIA study, CR was begun at various stages throughout the rhesus monkey life span (young, 1-2 yr; young adult, 3-5 yr; and older adult, Ͼ 15 yr). Both of these studies utilize a 30% CR regimen based on either the age-and weight-specific average intake of controls (NIA) or on each individual monkey's baseline consumption (UW). It is very important to note that control monkeys in these studies are not generally obese, and only a few have become obese over the course of the study. The third study, at the University of Maryland (UMD), evolved from on...

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Decreased bone formation and increased mineral dissolution during acute fasting in young women

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Relationships between serum leptin and bone markers during stable weight, weight reduction and weight regain in male and female judoists

Relationships between serum leptin and bone markers during stable weight, weight reduction and weight regain in male and female judoists

The importance of body weight history in the occurrence and recovery of osteoporosis in patients with anorexia nervosa: evaluation by dual X-ray absorptiometry and bone metabolic markers

Physiologic Effects of Lowering Caloric Intake in Nonhuman Primates and Nonobese Humans

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