Decrease in sulphated glycosaminoglycans in aortic dissection--possible role in the pathogenesis

Abstract

The diminution in sulphated glycosaminoglycans and its possible relationship with fat, collagen, and other extracellular matrix molecules could lead to a weakness in the aortic wall related to the dissection.

Is There Enough Evidence to Support the Role of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection?—A Systematic Review

“…This suggests that HA and DS may play a role in local alterations within the aortic wall and, in turn, influence altered mechanical properties around the site of dissection. In contrast, another study found a decrease in sulphated GAG content in TAD compared with control [ 27 ]; CS was similar between the groups, whereas HS and DS were decreased. A further study did not identify differences in overall GAG level between control and TAA; however, they did observe differences in the proportion of different sub-types, with increased C6S identified in TAA [ 41 ].…”

“…From the search, 13 papers reported changes in GAGs with age without association with disease. An additional TAAD paper also reported age-related changes in normal tissue [ 27 ]. The majority of studies report total GAGs to increase with age, accompanied by an alteration of ratios of subtypes ( Table 2 ).…”

“…The majority of studies report total GAGs to increase with age, accompanied by an alteration of ratios of subtypes ( Table 2 ). These include an increase in ratio of sulphated:non-sulphated GAGs [ 28 ], increase in CS [ 27 , 29 ], particularly Chondroitin-6-sulphate (C6S) [ 23 , 30 ], CS/DS [ 31 ] and an increase in CS:HA ratio [ 32 ]. An increase in sulphation of HS and increase in the degree of protein-GAG cross-linking has also been reported upon ageing [ 33 ].…”

Vascular, Cardiac Valve, and Metabolic Diseases

“…14.1) (Maeso Madronero et al 2000;Leu and Leu 1988). It was first described by Otto Gsell (Gsell 1928) and Jakob Erdheim (Erdheim 1929a, b) as a disease entity of the aortic vascular wall (Guitierrez et al 1991;Hirst and Gore 1976). Pathogenetically, it leads to destruction of the aortic or arterial media with destruction of smooth muscle fibers, mesenchyme, and elastic fibers ( Fig.…”

Possible Mechanical Roles of Glycosaminoglycans in Thoracic Aortic Dissection and Associations with Dysregulated Transforming Growth Factor-β

“…Avoiding these biases in the selection of cases, our findings are different. In contrast with the histological appearance of mucoid pools (constituted by GAGs), there is a decrease of such compounds in acute aortic dissections [5]. …”