Decrease in Pain Threshold in Sart Stressed Mice

Kita, Tomitaro; Hata, Taeko; Iida, Junko; Yoneda, Ryozo; Isida, Sadahiro

doi:10.1254/jjp.29.479

Cited by 74 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, p chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis, and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, a neurotoxin of 5-HT neurons, induce a de crease in 5-HT in the rat spinal cord (15) and hyperalgesia (16). The present data showing that 5-HT decreased in the spinal cord in SART-stressed rats is consistent with the above reports, since SART-stressed animals are hyperalgesic (6). Also, the hyperalgesia observed in SART-stressed animals may in volve decreases in 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the medulla oblongata and midbrain, where the centers of the descending inhibitory pain sys tem are located.…”

Section: (T-test)supporting

confidence: 91%

“…We previously reported that SART (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature)-stressed animals, repeatedly cold-stressed animals with dysautonomia, exhibit increased food intake and locomotor activity (4), decreased blood pressure (5), and hyperalgesia (6). These symptoms correspond to symptoms correlated with decreased levels in brain 5-HT in rats, as described above.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

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Changes in CNS Levels of Serotonin and Its Metabolite in SART-Stressed(Repeatedly Cold-Stressed)Rats.

1991

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Central nervous system levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in SART (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature) stressed (repeatedly cold-stressed) rats were examined by HPLC-ECD. In SART stressed rats, the levels of both 5-HT and 5-HIAA decreased in many brain areas. In the spinal cord, only the 5-HT level decreased. Therefore, the ratio of 5-HIAA to 5 HT increased only in the spinal cord. These results suggest that SART-stressed rats have some form of abnormality in the synthetic system of 5-HT.Serotonergic and various other neural sys tems play important roles in pain sensation, behavior, learning and other activities. It has been reported that an increase in the brain level of serotonin (5-HT) coincides with de creases in spontaneous and feeding behavior and an increase in blood pressure in rats (1). It has also been reported that 5-HT levels in crease in the rat hippocampus during acquisi tion trials in learning behavior (2). Decreases in rat brain 5-HT levels lead to increases in spontaneous and feeding behavior and hyper algesia (3).We previously reported that SART (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature)-stressed animals, repeatedly cold-stressed animals with dysautonomia, exhibit increased food intake and locomotor activity (4), decreased blood pressure (5), and hyperalgesia (6). These symptoms correspond to symptoms correlated with decreased levels in brain 5-HT in rats, as described above.In the present study, we examined brain and spinal cord levels of 5-HT and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA), in SART-stressed rats, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detector. The relation ship of 5-HT levels to some abnormalities such as impaired passive avoidance and hyperalge sia observed in SART-stressed animals is dis cussed.Male Wistar rats (Japan SLC Inc.) weighing about 250g were used throughout the experi ments.For the loading of SART stress (repeated cold stress), according to our previous report (7), rats were alternately placed into a cold cage set in a room maintained at -3°C and a normal temperature cage set in a room kept at 24°C at 1-hour intervals between 09:00 and 16:00. They were kept in the cold cage from 16:00 to 09:00 the next morning. On and after the 2nd day, animal positions were shifted be tween the two cages according to the same schedule on the 1st day, for five consecutive days. On the 6th day, the stressed animals were used for experiments.For extraction of 5-HT and 5-HIAA from the brain and spinal cord, the rats were sacri ficed by overhead irradiation with 2,450 MHz microwaves at 5 kW for 1.0 sec using a micro wave applicator (Toshiba, TMW-6402 A) be tween 11:00 and 12:00, in consideration of the

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Section: (T-test)supporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 65%

Changes in CNS Levels of Serotonin and Its Metabolite in SART-Stressed(Repeatedly Cold-Stressed)Rats.

1991

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“…SART (specific alternation rhythm of temperature) stressed mice become hyperalge sic (1)(2)(3)(4)(5), in contrast to the so-called "stress induced analgesia" caused by acute stress, such as electrical shock, cold water swim, re straint, etc. (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Hyperalgesia in SART Stressed (Repeated Cold Stress) Mice: Antinociceptive Effect of Neurotropin

Ohara

Kawamura

Namimatsu

et al. 1991

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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Exposing mice to 24 and 4°C in alternate 1 hr periods in the day time and maintaining 4°C at night for several days decreases the tail clamp pressure re quired to evoke pain behavior. This model is referred to as SART (specific alterna tion rhythm of temperature) stress. An extract from inflamed skin of rabbits inocu lated with vaccinia virus (neurotropin) clearly normalized the hyperalgesia in this SART stress model. To clarify the mechanism of the hyperalgesia in SART mice and the mode of the antinociceptive action of neurotropin in this model, the influence of systemically administered neurotransmitter related drugs was studied. 1) Neurotropin, 5-hydroxytryptophan and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine significantly normalized the de crease in nociceptive threshold, and muscimol tended to inhibit it in nociceptive threshold in SART stressed mice. 2) Haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine, reserpine, bicu culline, scopolamine, physostigmine and naloxone alone did not influence the nocicep tive threshold in SART stressed mice.3) The antinociceptive effect of neurotropin was significantly attenuated by p-chlorophenylalanine, haloperidol and phenoxybenza mine; and it was completely inhibited by reserpine. 4) Naloxone, bicuculline, scopola mine and physostigmine had no influence on the antinociceptive effect of neurotropin. These results suggest that hypofunction mainly of the monoaminergic systems contrib utes to hyperalgesia in SART stressed mice and that neurotropin produces the anti nociceptive effect by restoring these neural functions.

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“…There have been numerous reports that SART (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature) -stressed (repeated cold stressed) animals (1,2), vagotonic-type model animals (3) for clinical autonomic imbalance, show various physiological changes (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). With respect to the circu latory system of SART-stressed animals, several abnormalities (5,6,8,9) such as a continuous lowering of blood pressure (5), sympathicotonic-type ECG (electrocardio gram) (6), increases in blood flow in the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery, and decreased blood flow in the common carotid artery (5), have been previously reported.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes of Tissue Blood Flow in Mice Loaded with SART (Repeated Cold) Stress or Restraint and Water Immersion Stress and the Effect of Administered Neurotropin

Hata

Kita

Kawabata

et al. 1986

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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Abstract-In order to explore the peripheral microcirculation and to obtain an outline of autonomic innervation in SARI (specific alternation of rhythm in temper ature)-stressed (repeated cold-stressed) animals, which are regarded as model animals for clinical vagotonic-type dysautonomia, peripheral tissue blood flow was determined in mice, using the hydrogen clearance method.SART-stressed mice showed a decrease in gastric blood flow, no change in hepatic blood flow and an increase in dermal blood flow. In the mice exposed to the restraint and water immersion stress (RWIS), a type of acute stress, in contrast with SARI stress which is a subacute type, remarkable decreases were observed in gastric, hepatic and dermal blood flows.Changes of both gastric and dermal blood flow in SART stressed mice were dose-dependently prevented and maintained within normal limits by the treatment with Neurotropin, a sedative analgesic which is an extract isolated from vaccinia virus-inoculated and inflamed skin of rabbits. In RWIS loaded mice, Neurotropin exhibited a great preventive effect on changes of blood flow in the stomach, a slight effect in the liver, and no effect in the cutis. When mice were loaded with SARI stress after left-cervical vagotomy, SARI stress failed to elicit any decrease in gastric blood flow. In SARI-stressed mice treated with 6 hydroxydopamine, gastric and dermal blood flows tended to show a further decrease and increase, respectively, over and above the changes caused by SART stress. From these results, it is suggested that SART-stressed mice may have decreased gastric parasympathetic tone, a decrease in sympathetic tone and also other anomalies such as increased tension of the sympathetic cholinergic vasodilator nerves in the cutis.There have been numerous reports that SART (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature) -stressed (repeated cold stressed) animals (1, 2), vagotonic-type model animals (3) for clinical autonomic imbalance, show various physiological changes (3-7). With respect to the circu latory system of SART-stressed animals, several abnormalities (5,6,8,9) such as a continuous lowering of blood pressure (5), sympathicotonic-type ECG (electrocardio gram) (6), increases in blood flow in the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery, and decreased blood flow in the common carotid artery (5), have been previously reported.

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Decrease in Pain Threshold in Sart Stressed Mice

Cited by 74 publications

References 5 publications

Changes in CNS Levels of Serotonin and Its Metabolite in SART-Stressed(Repeatedly Cold-Stressed)Rats.

Changes in CNS Levels of Serotonin and Its Metabolite in SART-Stressed(Repeatedly Cold-Stressed)Rats.

Mechanism of Hyperalgesia in SART Stressed (Repeated Cold Stress) Mice: Antinociceptive Effect of Neurotropin

Changes of Tissue Blood Flow in Mice Loaded with SART (Repeated Cold) Stress or Restraint and Water Immersion Stress and the Effect of Administered Neurotropin

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