Decrease in culturability of Vibrio cholerae caused by glucose

Shiba, Tsuneo; Hill, Russell T.; Straube, William L.; Colwell, Rita R.

doi:10.1128/aem.61.7.2583-2588.1995

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Studies of survival of the cholera bacterium in seawater also indicated that it was capable of surviving in a culturable state for a relatively long period of time, which would allow it to be carried by ocean currents over very long distances (Munro and Colwell, 1996). In poorer conditions it appears the bacterium can enter a viable but nonculturable state that can allow it to be transported in nutrient-poor seawater and in association with plankton for several months and over thousands of kilometers (Shiba et al, 1995). Similarly, within a particular geographic location the organism can persist for many years, which may explain the reappearance of the disease after a long period of quiescence or apparent absence (Colwell, 1996).…”

Section: Ecology and Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical environments, human activities, and the transmission of infectious diseases

Sattenspiel¹

2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Throughout recent history, the tropical regions of the world have been affected more severely by infectious diseases than the temperate world. Much of the success of infectious diseases in that region is due to both biological and environmental factors that encourage high levels of biodiversity in hosts, vectors, and pathogens, and social factors that compromise efforts to control diseases. Several of these factors are described. Discussion then shifts to specific types of host-pathogen relationships. The most important of these in the tropics is the relationship between humans, a pathogen, and a vector that carries the pathogen from one human to another. Mosquitoes are the vector responsible for the transmission of many vector-borne human diseases. Characteristics of mosquito-human interactions are described, including cultural behaviors humans have developed that both increase the chances of transmission and help to limit that transmission. The transmission of water-borne diseases, fecal-oral transmission, zoonotic diseases, respiratory illnesses, and sexually transmitted diseases are also discussed. Attention is paid to how diseases with these modes of transmission differ in characteristics and importance in tropical human populations compared to those in temperate regions. Following this general discussion, three case studies are presented in some detail. The diseases chosen for the case studies include cholera, lymphatic filariasis, and dracunculiasis (guinea worm). These three case studies taken together provide examples of the diversity of human host-pathogen interactions as well as ways that human activities have both promoted their spread and helped to control them. The transmission of all three diseases is related to the nature and quality of water sources. The transmission of cholera, a water-borne disease, is related to sanitation practices, physical characteristics of the environment such as temperature and humidity, and modern shipping practices. Lymphatic filariasis, a mosquito-borne disease, has increased in frequency in parts of Africa in recent decades as a consequence of large-scale agricultural development projects that have shifted the nature and quantity of water sources and potential mosquito breeding sites. Dracunculiasis is transmitted by a small crustacean that contaminates sources of drinking water. Because its transmission can be prevented by a simple change in human behavior, filtering all water with a small piece of cloth before using it, dracunculiasis has been the focus of a major eradication effort that is near success.

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Section: Ecology and Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical environments, human activities, and the transmission of infectious diseases

Sattenspiel¹

2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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“…V. cholerae is known to be sensitive to high concentrations of several carbon sources, including glucose (18). None of 8 other commonly used carbon sources had similar effects on cell shape and growth, including D-arabinose (Table 1 and Supplementary Figure 2).…”

Section: L-arabinose Induces the Formation Of Non-dividing Spherical Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

l -Arabinose Induces the Formation of Viable Nonproliferating Spheroplasts in Vibrio cholerae

Espinosa

Daniel

Hernández

et al. 2021

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Vibrio cholerae, the agent of the deadly human disease cholera, propagates as a curved rod-shaped bacterium in warm waters. It is sensitive to cold, but persists in cold waters under the form of viable but non-dividing coccoidal shaped cells. Additionally, V. cholerae is able to form non-proliferating spherical cells in response to cell wall damage. It was recently reported that L-arabinose, a component of the hemicellulose and pectin of terrestrial plants, stops the growth of V. cholerae. Here, we show that L-arabinose induces the formation of spheroplasts that lose the ability to divide and stop growing in volume over time. However, they remain viable and upon removal of L-arabinose they start expanding in volume, form branched structures and give rise to cells with a normal morphology after a few divisions. We further show that WigKR, a histidine kinase/response regulator pair implicated in the induction of a high expression of cell wall synthetic genes, prevents the lysis of the spheroplasts during growth restart. Finally, we show that the physiological perturbations result from the import and catabolic processing of L-arabinose by the V. cholerae homolog of the E. coli galactose transport and catabolic system. Taken together, our results suggest that the formation of non-growing spherical cells is a common response of Vibrios exposed to detrimental conditions. They also permit to define conditions preventing any physiological perturbation of V. cholerae when using L-arabinose to induce gene expression from the tightly regulated promoter of the Escherichia coli araBAD operon.ImportanceVibrios among other bacteria form transient cell wall deficient forms as a response to different stresses and revert to proliferating rods when permissive conditions have been restored. Such cellular forms have been associated to antimicrobial tolerance, chronic infections and environmental dispersion.The effect of L-Ara on V. cholerae could provide an easily tractable model to study the ability of Vibrios to form viable reversible spheroplasts. Indeed, the quick transition to spheroplasts and reversion to proliferating rods by addition or removal of L-Ara is ideal to understand the genetic program governing this physiological state and the spatial rearrangements of the cellular machineries during cell shape transitions.

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“…V. cholerae is known to be sensitive to high concentrations of several carbon sources, including glucose, in starvation conditions [31]. In contrast, L-Ara can stop V. cholerae proliferation in both fast and slow growth conditions (Figure 1).…”

Section: Metabolism Arrest Is Linked To the Processing Of L-ara By Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-arabinose induces the formation of viable non-proliferatingVibrio choleraespheroplasts

Espinosa

Daniel

Hernández

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A general survival strategy of many life forms faced with harmful growth conditions is to enter into a non-proliferating state until conditions suitable for growth are restored. In bacteria, this survival strategy is associated with antimicrobial tolerance, chronic infections and environmental dispersion. In particular, the agent of the deadly human disease cholera, Vibrio cholerae, undergoes a morphological transition from a rod-shaped proliferative form to a spherical non-proliferating form after exposure to cold or cell wall targeting antibiotics. Growth is resumed when the adverse conditions have ceased.Here, we show that a component of the hemicellulose and pectin of terrestrial plants, L-arabinose, triggers the formation of non-proliferating V. cholerae spherical cells, which are able to return to growth when L-arabinose is removed from the growth medium. We found that the cell wall of L-arabinose treated V. cholerae cells has a peptidoglycan composition similar to the cell wall of spheroplasts and that they revert to a wild-type morphology through the formation of branched cells like L-forms. Unlike L-forms, however, they are osmo-resistant. Through a random Tn genetic screen for mutants insensitive to L-arabinose, we identified genes involved in the uptake and catabolism of galactose and in glycolysis. We hypothesize that L-arabinose is enzymatically processed by the galactose catabolism and glycolysis pathways until it is transformed in a product that cannot be further recognized by V. cholerae enzymes. Accumulation of this enzymatic by-product triggers the formation of viable non-dividing cell wall deficient spherical cells.

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Decrease in culturability of Vibrio cholerae caused by glucose

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Tropical environments, human activities, and the transmission of infectious diseases

Tropical environments, human activities, and the transmission of infectious diseases

l -Arabinose Induces the Formation of Viable Nonproliferating Spheroplasts in Vibrio cholerae

L-arabinose induces the formation of viable non-proliferatingVibrio choleraespheroplasts

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