Decrease in consanguinity among parents of children born in Norway to women of Pakistani origin: A registry-based study

Grjibovski, Andrej M.; Magnus, Per; Stoltenberg, Camilla

doi:10.1177/1403494808100939

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Registration in Norway has showed that 40% of second generation Pakistani, 17% of second generation Turkish and 7% of second generation Somali children have consanguine parents 3 , but the proportion has been decreasing over time. 19 It is likely that a similar pattern could be present in Denmark. Nevertheless, interpretation of the data without direct information on consanguinity still remains on tentative grounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ethnic variations in mortality in pre-school children in Denmark, 1973–2004

2011

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The objective of the study was to describe ethnic differences in under-five-years mortality in Denmark according to maternal country of origin. We conducted a large registry-linkage study of all singleton live-born children from mothers born in Denmark and from the ten largest migrant groups (n=1.841.450). Study outcomes were death before the age of five years from all causes combined and the most frequent death causes. Results showed that children of mothers of Turkish, Pakistani, Somali and Iraqi origin had an elevated risk of dying before the age of five compared to offspring of mothers born in Denmark, with hazards ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of 1.48 (1.31-1.67), 1.97 (1.68-2.32), 1.70 (1.29-2.25), and 1.92 (1.41-2.62), respectively. Ethnic differences were also observed in the underlying causes of death. Children of mothers born in Former Yugoslavia, Lebanon, Norway, Sweden, Iran, and Afghanistan did not differ in under-five-years mortality from ethnic Danish children. Adjustments for household income did not attenuate the risk estimates. In conclusion, we found excess child mortality in some migrant groups, but not in all. The differences could not be explained by socioeconomic status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ethnic variations in mortality in pre-school children in Denmark, 1973–2004

2011

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“…In Western Europe there are at least 10 million resident migrants from regions where consanguinity is preferential, and it is the possibility that the progeny of consanguineous unions are more likely to be affected by recessive genetic disorders that has aroused greater controversy, for example, with calls by some legislators for a ban on first-cousin marriages in the United Kingdom's Pakistani community (19,22). Although a decline in first-cousin marriage has been observed in the Norwegian Pakistani community (23), no similar trend seems to have occurred in the United Kingdom's Pakistani population (24) or in the Turkish or Moroccan communities in Belgium (25), and a rapid reduction in the preference for consanguineous unions by first-and second-generation migrant families in Europe appears improbable.…”

Section: Consanguineous Marriage (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consanguinity, human evolution, and complex diseases

Bittles

Black

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

472

308

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There is little information on inbreeding during the critical early years of human existence. However, given the small founding group sizes and restricted mate choices it seems inevitable that intrafamilial reproduction occurred and the resultant levels of inbreeding would have been substantial. Currently, couples related as second cousins or closer (F ≥ 0.0156) and their progeny account for an estimated 10.4% of the global population. The highest rates of consanguineous marriage occur in north and sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and west, central, and south Asia. In these regions even couples who regard themselves as unrelated may exhibit high levels of homozygosity, because marriage within clan, tribe, caste, or biraderi boundaries has been a long-established tradition. Mortality in first-cousin progeny is ≈3.5% higher than in nonconsanguineous offspring, although demographic, social, and economic factors can significantly influence the outcome. Improving socioeconomic conditions and better access to health care will impact the effects of consanguinity, with a shift from infant and childhood mortality to extended morbidity. At the same time, a range of primarily social factors, including urbanization, improved female education, and smaller family sizes indicate that the global prevalence of consanguineous unions will decline. This shift in marriage patterns will initially result in decreased homozygosity, accompanied by a reduction in the expression of recessive single-gene disorders. Although the roles of common and rare gene variants in the etiology of complex disease remain contentious, it would be expected that declining consanguinity would also be reflected in reduced prevalence of complex diseases, especially in population isolates. community genetics | inbreeding | reproduction | health | social structure

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“…The prevalence of consanguinity markedly declined in Europe, North America and Japan in the last century 25;26 , with a more recent reduction among some emigrant populations in 27 . This trend may be explained by acculturation of the immigrant community, with a gradual transition from their traditional consanguineous marriage preferences to those favoured by the dominant group in their adopted country 28 .…”

Section: Secular and Social Trends In Consanguineous Marriagementioning

confidence: 99%

Consanguineous marriages, pearls and perils: Geneva International Consanguinity Workshop Report

Hamamy

Antonarakis

Cavalli-Sforza

et al. 2011

Genetics in Medicine

259

244

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Approximately 1.1 billion people currently live in countries where consanguineous marriages are customary, and among them one in every three marriages is between cousins. Opinions diverge between those warning of the possible health risks to offspring and others who highlight the social benefits of consanguineous marriages. A consanguinity study group of international experts and counselors met at the Geneva International ConsanguinityWorkshop from 3 rd to 7 th May 2010 to discuss the known and presumptive risks and benefits of close kin marriages, and to identify important future areas for research on consanguinity.The group highlighted the importance of evidence-based counselling recommendations for consanguineous marriages, and of undertaking both genomic and social research in defining the various influences and outcomes of consanguinity. Technological advances infor rapid high-throughput genome sequencing (HTS), and for the identification of copy number variants by comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) offer a significantn unprecedented opportunity to identify genotype-phenotype correlations focusing on autozygosity, the hallmark of consanguinity. The ongoing strong preferential culture of close kin marriages in many societies, and among migrant communities in Western countries, merits an equivalently detailed assessment of the social and genetic benefits of consanguinity in future studies.

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Decrease in consanguinity among parents of children born in Norway to women of Pakistani origin: A registry-based study

Abstract: In contrast to previous reports from the UK, our analysis suggests that there is a decrease in the proportion of consanguineously related parents of children born to women of Pakistani origin in Norway.

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Ethnic variations in mortality in pre-school children in Denmark, 1973–2004

Ethnic variations in mortality in pre-school children in Denmark, 1973–2004

Consanguinity, human evolution, and complex diseases

Consanguineous marriages, pearls and perils: Geneva International Consanguinity Workshop Report

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