Decoupled leaf-wood phenology in two pine species from contrasting climates: Longer growing seasons do not mean more radial growth

Camarero, J. Julio; Campelo, Filipe; Colangelo, Michele; Valeriano, Cristina; Knorre, Anastasia A.; Solé, Germán; Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109223

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…An increase in temperature and precipitation significantly delayed these events, hinting at an extended growth period under these conditions. This finding is consistent with previous studies, which report that an increase in temperature will advance the spring phenological stages and delay the autumn phenological stages [10].…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Precipitationsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…It has also been shown that the flowering and fruiting of Myrtiaceae plants in the Brazilian rain forest are temperature-dependent, tending to bloom during hot and humid seasons, while rising temperatures accelerate fruit ripening [9]. In Spain and Russia, the onset of foliation of Pinus sylvestris L. increased by 2.1 days per decade due to increasing temperatures [10]. On the other hand, lower temperatures also have a regulatory effect on plant phenology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Temperature, Precipitation, and CO2 on Plant Phenology in China: A Circular Regression Approach

Tang,

Zhou,

2023

Forests

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Leveraging circular regression, this study analyzed phenological data from China spanning the period 2003 to 2015, meticulously examining the effects of temperature, precipitation, and CO2 concentrations on the phenological patterns of woody and herbaceous plants. For woody plants, the results showed that rising temperatures and increased precipitation notably advanced early growth phases, such as budburst, leaf unfolding, and first flowering (p < 0.001). Specifically, CO2 concentrations had a pronounced impact on the leaf unfolding phase (p < 0.001). In contrast, autumnal events, particularly fruit maturity, autumn coloring, and leaf fall, were delayed by warmer temperatures and higher precipitation (p < 0.001), Of these events, only fruit maturity demonstrated sensitivity to CO2 concentration variations. In the realm of herbaceous plants, elevated temperatures and precipitation collectively hastened the budburst phase (p < 0.001), which is an effect further accentuated by high CO2 levels (p < 0.001). Moreover, rising temperatures and augmented precipitation were instrumental in advancing the flowering phase (p < 0.001). Conversely, warmer conditions slowed down the fruiting process (p < 0.001), with this delay somewhat mitigated by the effects of increased precipitation. Interestingly, while CO2 concentrations had negligible influence on the flowering and fruiting stages, they noticeably delayed seed dispersal and the initiation of senescence (p < 0.001). Overall, the prevailing trend suggests that plants, whether woody or herbaceous in nature, tend to prolong their growth season under warmer and more humid conditions. The influence of CO2 concentration, however, is contingent upon the specific phenological phase and plant type. Our findings emphasize the nuanced and stage-specific responses of plant phenology to temperature, precipitation, and CO2, highlighting the value of using circular regression in ecological studies.

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Section: Effects Of Temperature and Precipitationsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature, Precipitation, and CO2 on Plant Phenology in China: A Circular Regression Approach

Tang,

Zhou,

2023

Forests

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“…Several studies tested whether advanced phenology translates to growth responses, and they often do not, at least above the ground (e.g., tree ring width; Camarero et al, 2022; Dow et al, 2022; Rossi et al, 2013). Neither do responses of forest ecosystem productivity match stem growth of individual spruce trees (Krejza et al, 2022).…”

Section: The Growing Season In a Climate Change Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four ways to define the growing season

2023

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What is addressed as growing season in terrestrial ecosystems is one of the main determinants of annual plant biomass production globally. However, there is no well‐defined concept behind. Here, we show different facets of what might be termed growing season, each with a distinct meaning: (1) the time period during which a plant or a part of it actually grows and produces new tissue, irrespective of net carbon gain (growing season sensu stricto). (2) The period defined by developmental, that is, phenological markers (phenological season). (3) The period during which vegetation as a whole achieves its annual net primary production (NPP) or a net ecosystem production (NEP), expressed as net carbon gain (productive season) and (4) the period during which plants could potentially grow based on meteorological criteria (meteorological season). We hypothesize that the duration of such a ‘window of opportunity’ is a strong predictor for NPP at a global scale, especially for forests. These different definitions have implications for the understanding and modelling of plant growth and biomass production. The common view that variation in phenology is a proxy for variation in productivity is misleading, often resulting in unfounded statements on potential consequences of climatic warming such as carbon sequestration.

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“…On the contrary, increased mortality, disturbance and suboptimal growing conditions in the context of climate change may lead to reduced carbon uptake across the Acadian Forest Region (Taylor et al, 2020 ), losses which may more than compensate for potential carbon uptake gains from warming (D'Orangeville et al, 2018 ). In addition, several studies have found that a longer leafing period does not always lead to increased carbon uptake in the form of stable woody biomass (Camarero et al, 2022 ; Čufar et al, 2015 ; Delpierre et al, 2017 ; Dow et al, 2022 ; Fang et al, 2020 ; Marchand et al, 2021 ). Further, the potential for the increased establishment of more temperate‐climate‐suited species like Acer rubrum may be limited throughout the 21st century due to the physical occupation of space by boreal species (Taylor et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate‐driven shifts in leaf senescence are greater for boreal species than temperate species in the Acadian Forest region in contrast to leaf emergence shifts

Spafford

MacDougall

Steenberg³

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The Acadian Forest Region is a temperate‐boreal transitional zone in eastern North America which provides a unique opportunity for understanding the potential effects of climate change on both forest types. Leaf phenology, the timing of leaf life cycle changes, is an important indicator of the biological effects of climate change, which can be observed with stationary timelapse cameras known as phenocams. Using four growing seasons of observations for the species Acer rubrum (red maple), Betula papyrifera (paper/white birch) and Abies balsamea (balsam fir) from the Acadian Phenocam Network as well as multiple growing season observations from the North American PhenoCam Network we parameterized eight leaf emergence and six leaf senescence models for each species which span a range in process and driver representation. With climate models from the Fifth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) we simulated future leaf emergence, senescence and season length (senescence minus emergence) for these species at sites within the Acadian Phenocam Network. Model performances were similar across models and leaf emergence model RMSE ranged from about 1 to 2 weeks across species and models, while leaf senescence model RMSE ranged from about 2 to 4 weeks. The simulations suggest that by the late 21st century, leaf senescence may become continuously delayed for boreal species like Betula papyrifera and Abies balsamea, though remain relatively stable for temperate species like Acer rubrum. In contrast, the projected advancement in leaf emergence was similar across boreal and temperate species. This has important implications for carbon uptake, nutrient resorption, ecology and ecotourism for the Acadian Forest Region. More work is needed to improve predictions of leaf phenology for the Acadian Forest Region, especially with respect to senescence. Phenocams have the potential to rapidly advance process‐based model development and predictions of leaf phenology in the context of climate change.

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Decoupled leaf-wood phenology in two pine species from contrasting climates: Longer growing seasons do not mean more radial growth

Cited by 19 publications

References 80 publications

Effects of Temperature, Precipitation, and CO2 on Plant Phenology in China: A Circular Regression Approach

Effects of Temperature, Precipitation, and CO2 on Plant Phenology in China: A Circular Regression Approach

Four ways to define the growing season

Climate‐driven shifts in leaf senescence are greater for boreal species than temperate species in the Acadian Forest region in contrast to leaf emergence shifts

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