Decontamination of naturally contaminated liquid nitrogen storage tanks

Pessoa, G. A.; Rubin, M. I. B.; Silva, Carlos Antônio Mondino; Rosa, Denize Costa da

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982014000500004

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Pessoa et al . [ 43 ] reported that up to 84.3% of farms and 100% of companies in Southern Brazil use LN 2 contaminated with bacteria, fungi, or both. Therefore, an alternative method for cryopreservation that avoids exposing samples directly to LN 2 is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cryotop and micro volume air cooling methods for cryopreservation of bovine matured oocytes and blastocysts

Punyawai

Anakkul

Srirattana

et al. 2015

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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This study was designed to compare the efficiency of the Cryotop method and that of two methods that employ a micro volume air cooling (MVAC) device by analyzing the survival and development of bovine oocytes and blastocysts vitrified using each method. In experiment I, in vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes were vitrified using an MVAC device without direct contact with liquid nitrogen (LN2; MVAC group) or directly plunged into LN2 (MVAC in LN2 group). A third group of IVM oocytes was vitrified using a Cryotop device (Cryotop group). After warming, vitrified oocytes were fertilized in vitro. There were no significant differences in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates among the three vitrified groups, with the rates ranging from 53.1% to 56.6% and 20.0% to 25.5%, respectively; however, the rates were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of the fresh control group (89.3% and 43.3%, respectively) and the solution control group (87.3% and 42.0%, respectively). In experiment II, in vitro-produced (IVP) expanded blastocysts were vitrified using the MVAC, MVAC in LN2 and Cryotop methods, warmed and cultured for survival analysis and then compared with the solution control group. The rate of development of vitrified-warmed expanded blastocysts to the hatched blastocyst stage after 24 h of culture was lower in the MVAC in LN2 group than in the solution control group; however, after 48–72 h of culture, the rates did not significantly differ between the groups. These results indicate that the MVAC method without direct LN2 contact is as effective as the standard Cryotop method for vitrification of bovine IVM oocytes and IVP expanded blastocysts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cryotop and micro volume air cooling methods for cryopreservation of bovine matured oocytes and blastocysts

Punyawai

Anakkul

Srirattana

et al. 2015

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Section: Potential Health Outcomes Associated With Biological Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LN 2 can also serve as an effective storage medium for pathogens (29). Microorganisms that can potentially survive after being cryopreserved by LN 2 include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and viruses (29,35). Examples of microorganisms that have been found in LN 2 tanks used to store biological specimens include Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Mucor spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some of which can be spread through unhygienic practices (29).…”

Section: Potential Health Outcomes Associated With Biological Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microorganisms that can potentially survive after being cryopreserved by LN 2 include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and viruses (29,35). Examples of microorganisms that have been found in LN 2 tanks used to store biological specimens include Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Mucor spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some of which can be spread through unhygienic practices (29). Although there have not been any reported incidents of consumers coming into contact with biological hazards from LN 2 in their foods and beverages, it is still a potential hazard.…”

Section: Potential Health Outcomes Associated With Biological Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Qualitative Risk Assessment of Liquid Nitrogen in Foods and Beverages

Ali

Farber

Kim

et al. 2021

FPT

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Smokey liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) infusions are one of the latest eye-catching food trends. With its ability to create fog-like effects and flash freeze foods, LN 2 has become popular for use in ice cream, snacks, and cocktails recently. Although perceived to be harmless, there are incidents of consumers suffering adverse health effects after consuming foods prepared with LN 2 . Thus, a qualitative risk assessment was undertaken to estimate the potential risks to consumers. Through an analysis of gray and scientific literature, case reports related to inhalation, ingestion, and contact with LN 2 were reviewed for relevant information. It was found that inhalation of LN 2 vapors could potentially cause rare, but serious, injuries such as respiratory distress and asphyxia. Ingestion injuries, which typically result after consuming LN 2 before it fully evaporates, often include gastrointestinal barotrauma and rupture. Lastly, when skin or tissues come in contact with LN 2 for more than a short period of time, frostbite can occur. To reduce the risks posed to consumers, it is recommended that (i) vendors are properly trained to handle and serve LN 2 , (ii) patrons are given clear instructions on how to safely consume such treats, and (iii) regulatory agencies put appropriate regulatory interventions into action as needed.

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“…There are several methods for sterilizing tanks that involve ethylene dioxide, alcohols, or glutaraldehyde. [10][11][12] Laboratories should define when tanks will be sterilized and the procedure for sterilizing tanks. Attention should be paid to safety of the tissue and to safety of the staff members performing the sterilization.…”

Section: Ongoing Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Tissue Storage: Quality Control and Management/Inventory Software

Pomeroy¹,

Marcon²

2018

Semin Reprod Med

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The recent failure of two liquid nitrogen storage tanks at two separate facilities in the United States has highlighted the need to reexamine our approach to how reproductive laboratories handle the storage of tissue. If we wish to truly understand how we can increase the security and safety of stored reproductive tissue, we really need to understand how often these events (tank failure) occur and what are the ultimate causes of these failures. Are there design flaws in the storage tanks or are these really failures in protocols and following protocols? Unfortunately, because these cases often involve serious litigation, most do not want to or are forbidden to talk about these failures and so we have little data to base recommendations on. Despite the paucity of data, we must come up with protocols and methods to safeguard tissue stored in these tanks. At the same time, we must be careful that we do not introduce potential solutions to these problems that instead of increasing the safety of stored tissue, we exacerbate the problem. Attention should be paid to where tanks are located so that they can be observed throughout the day. Decisions regarding whether tissue will be stored on-site or off-site, whether small- or large-capacity tanks should be used, or whether a patient's specimens should be split among several tanks should not be based on convenience or cost, but on the ability to reduce risks to these precious specimens. Ongoing quality control (QC) must include checking tanks for both visual clues and analyzing evaporation rates of each tank. Finally, each laboratory must have protocols in place that address all the issues involved in maintaining a safe storage system. These protocols must be understood by all those involved in the safeguard of patients' tissue. We may never eliminate all accidents with stored reproductive tissue, but we can reduce the probability of future accidents. In this article, we will discuss how to manage the risks inherent with the storage of reproductive tissue, where to store tissue, how to store them, how to reduce risks through quality control methods, and finally, options available for inventory management.

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Decontamination of naturally contaminated liquid nitrogen storage tanks

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison of Cryotop and micro volume air cooling methods for cryopreservation of bovine matured oocytes and blastocysts

Comparison of Cryotop and micro volume air cooling methods for cryopreservation of bovine matured oocytes and blastocysts

A Qualitative Risk Assessment of Liquid Nitrogen in Foods and Beverages

Reproductive Tissue Storage: Quality Control and Management/Inventory Software

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