“…User engagement is the user's behavior of interacting with enterprises; actively providing data, creative ideas, and knowledge to enterprises in various links such as R&D, design, product testing, and so forth; and influencing the commercialization level of the enterprises (Fang et al, 2008;Nambisan & Baron, 2010). To date, many scholars have discussed how users engage in the process of new product and services development (Cui & Wu, 2016;Xiao et al, 2022). First, users can serve as information sources and provide key data resources, such as user demand and user experience, to promote enterprises to identify potentially valuable ideas and demands (Carbonell et al, 2009).…”