Deconstructing hegemonic masculinity: The roles of antifemininity, subordination to women, and sexual dominance in men’s perpetration of sexual aggression.

Smith, Rachel; Parrott, Dominic J.; Swartout, Kevin M.; Tharp, Andra Teten

doi:10.1037/a0035956

Cited by 70 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Malamuth et al, 1996, Smith, Parrott, Swartout, & Tharp, 2015. Results for psychopathy support existing literature for men and the disaggregation of these relationships by individual psychopathy factors represents a novel contribution.…”

Section: Limitations and Strengthssupporting

confidence: 75%

Psychopathic traits, gender, and motivations for sex: Putative paths to sexual coercion

Hoffmann

Verona

2019

Aggressive Behavior

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Evidence suggests that both men and women perpetrate sexual coercion.Psychological factors, including psychopathic traits and power motivations, have been proposed to characterize male-perpetrated sexual coercion; however, it is unclear whether these factors play a similar role in female-perpetrated coercion or whether other motivations (e.g., intimacy, affect regulation) should be considered. To improve our understanding in this area, the current study first examined relationships between psychopathic traits and sexual coercion in a sample of 1199 undergraduate students (756 women), with gender as a potential moderator of these relationships.Second, the role of motivations for sex (e.g., power, affect regulation) in accounting for the psychopathy-coercion relationship was examined in men and women. Data were collected using an online survey and analyzed using multigroup path analysis.Results implicated impulsive-antisocial traits as particularly important to maleperpetrated verbal (e.g., manipulative) and nonverbal (e.g., physical) coercion, and that this relationship was partially explained by motives for sex involving power. In contrast, psychopathic traits did not appear to play a major role in female perpetrated coercion; instead, emotional value (i.e., intimacy-related) motivations for sex were associated with verbal (e.g., manipulation) coercion in women. In sum, our results support a conceptual model of male perpetration where men who are high in impulsive-antisocial traits may engage in sexual coercion in an attempt to feel powerful. Further, the findings in the female sample suggest that factors other than psychopathy, such as gender role beliefs in regard to sexual encounters, may be particularly important to female perpetrated sexually coercive behavior. gender, perpetration, psychopathy, sexual coercionRecent large-scale surveys and systematic reviews of sexual coercion victimization among undergraduates have found prevalence rates ranging from 13% to 30% for women and 5% to 31% for men (Cantor et al., 2015;Fedina, Holmes, & Backes, 2018). Given the prevalence of victimization among college students, it is especially important to understand the relevance of oft-cited risk factors in this population, including psychopathic personality traits and beliefs and feelings about sex itself. Studies using various samples (including some college students) have implicated these factors as germane to coercion perpetration and encouraged further investigation within psychological motivations for sex (individuals' internal reasons for engaging in sexual behavior) accounted for the relationship between distinct psychopathic traits and the perpetration of sexual coercion in college men and women. Gender-differentiated models of these relationships were also explored, given the relative rarity in the literature of direct comparisons of perpetration risk in men and women.

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Section: Limitations and Strengthssupporting

confidence: 75%

Psychopathic traits, gender, and motivations for sex: Putative paths to sexual coercion

Hoffmann

Verona

2019

Aggressive Behavior

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“…Attitudes condoning violence are consistently associated with boys' TDV perpetration (Foshee et al, 2001; Reyes et al, 2016). Similarly, given pervasive hegemonic gender socialization messages in our culture mandating boys and men to be strong, dominant, and superior to women, it is likely victimization by girls could fuel anti-feminine attitudes and hostility thereby precipitating future IPV/TDV by males as a means of maintaining dominance over women (Bosson et al, 2015; Malamuth et al, 1995; Smith et al, 2015). Thus, the relatively small sex differences in perpetration identified in the present sample may grow with age increasing the disparity in perpetration as boys physically mature into adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boys are victims too? Sexual dating violence and injury among high-risk youth

Reidy

Early

Holland

2017

Preventive Medicine

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Objective Prior research with youth exposed to violence suggests that, in this high-risk population, boys may be victims of sexual teen dating violence (TDV) and injury as frequently as girls. We sought to replicate these findings with a demographically similar sample and to determine whether the findings could be attributed the high-risk nature of the sample by assessing the impact of violence exposure on sex differences. Methods A cross-sectional sample of 2577 youth (ages 11–18, M = 15.4, SD = 1.9, 52% female, 25% Caucasian) collected in 2004 from a high-risk community reported on history of dating and exposure to multiple forms of violence. We conducted moderation analyses to test whether polyvictimization (PV) and age moderated the potential sex differences in perpetration and victimization of sexual TDV and injury. Results No significant sex differences in victimization were observed regardless of degree of PV. Boys reported more frequent sexual TDV and injury perpetration relative to girls, but only for youth reporting high degree of PV. There were no sex differences in perpetration among low PV youth. Conclusions These findings suggest boys from high-risk communities may disproportionately perpetrate severe acts of TDV but at this early age they are equally likely to be victimized. To interrupt the cycle of violence victimization and perpetration, comprehensive violence prevention interventions targeting high-risk youth should be implemented at schools, in homes, and in the community; and they should recognize the potential for girls and boys to be victims of even the most severe forms of TDV.

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“…Though conceptually distinct, these two constructs are linked and interact to increase the likelihood of aggression (Jakupcak, Lisak, & Roemer, 2002). Although MGRS has never been empirically linked to bystander behavior, this construct has been identified as a risk factor for SA (Malamuth, Linz, Heavey, Barnes, & Acker, 1995; Smith, Parrott, Swartout, & Tharp, 2014). …”

Section: Masculine Gender Role Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masculinity and bystander attitudes: Moderating effects of masculine gender role stress.

Leone¹,

Parrott²,

Swartout³

et al. 2016

Psychology of Violence

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Objective The purpose of the current study was to examine the bystander decision-making process as a mechanism by which men’s adherence to various dimensions of traditional masculinity is associated with their confidence to intervene in sexually aggressive events. Further, this study examined the stress men experience from their attempts to adhere to traditional male gender roles as a moderator of this mediational path. Method Participants (n = 252) completed measures of traditional masculinity, decisional balance (i.e., weighing the pros and cons) for intervening, masculine gender roles stress, and bystander efficacy. Results The belief that men must attain social status was associated with more confidence in men’s ability to intervene. This effect was mediated by greater perceived positive consequences for intervention among men high, but not low, in masculine gender role stress. The belief that men should be tough and aggressive was associated with greater perceived negative consequences for intervention and less confidence to intervene. The belief that men should not act in stereotypically feminine ways was directly associated with less confidence for intervention. Conclusions Findings highlight the importance of examining masculinity from a multidimensional perspective to better understand how adherence to various norms differentially influences bystander behavior. These findings may help to inform bystander intervention programming.

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Deconstructing hegemonic masculinity: The roles of antifemininity, subordination to women, and sexual dominance in men’s perpetration of sexual aggression.

Cited by 70 publications

References 66 publications

Psychopathic traits, gender, and motivations for sex: Putative paths to sexual coercion

Psychopathic traits, gender, and motivations for sex: Putative paths to sexual coercion

Boys are victims too? Sexual dating violence and injury among high-risk youth

Masculinity and bystander attitudes: Moderating effects of masculine gender role stress.

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