The increased protection of children by monitoring them is said to be a central characteristic of modern childhood. In the field of mobility, this aspect of modern childhood is reflected in the fact that children's everyday mobility is to a great extent kept under surveillance, e.g. by parents, kindergarten or school employees and through general traffic regulation. In this article, we investigate the surveillance of children's mobility -primarily bicycling, walking and car usage -from three different angles. In the first, we investigate the general power relations in mobile practice that add to the surveillance and restriction of children's mobility. In the second, we illustrate how parents monitor children's mobility by chauffeuring them. In the third, we look into how parents remote control children's mobility by means of behavioural restrictions and technology. By using statistical material and qualitative interviews, we illustrate how parents perceive and perform their own surveillance of children's mobility. In addition, we comment on how children perceive their monitored mobility and how they cope with it. Finally, we reflect on the differences in parental mobile monitoring and relate this to welfare and socio-economic structures in the families.
Rationalities in contemporary mobilityThis article contributes to the expanding field of the sociology of mobility and it highlights the mobility related norms, practices and perspectives of a very distinct group, namely that of families. It elaborates on children's and parents' views on traffic and mobility from a surveillance perspective and includes insights from the new childhood paradigm within the sociology of childhood (James, 1998; Prout and James, 1990). In spite of the fact that children's mobility accounts for around 20% of the daily travelling population in the EU (EU, 2000), children's perspectives are often left out in the general mobility oriented sociological literature (for instance in Bauman, 2000; Beckman, 2001b;Castells, 1996;Jensen, 2001;Scheller, 2002;Shove, 2002;Urry, 2000).Even though mankind has always been mobile, the quintessential aspect in contemporary societies is that the consequences of mobility thoroughly influence our daily lives, local, national and global politics, as well as our environments and the welfare of human beings. Political and scientific discussions are often focussed on the environmental side effects of increased car-use. Welfare aspects of how mobility influence and shape people's every day life and how side