Decomposition of Methylene Blue on Transition Metals Doped SnO₂ Nanoparticles

Abstract

Transition metals (M = Zn, Ni, Co, and Mn) doped stannic oxide MxSn1−xO2 at x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 molar ratios have been successfully prepared. The results revealed that X‐ray diffraction peaks position exhibited the rutile tetragonal structure of cassiterite phase of SnO2 and there are no extra peaks of doped metal oxides at 0.1 and 0.2 molar ratio. However, secondary phase of doped metal oxides ZnO, NiO, Co3O4, and Mn2O3 were detected at 0.3 molar ratio. The average particles size of undoped SnO2 and doped samples were amounted to be ∼5.8, 7.8, 11.8, 14.3, and 17.4 nm for SnO2, Zn0.3Sn0.7O2, Ni0.3Sn0.7O2, Co0.3Sn0.7O2, and Mn0.3Sn0.7O2 samples, respectively. The prepared samples have been evaluated by photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). The results indicated that Zn2+ doping SnO2 (Zn0.3Sn0.7O2) was remarked the highest photocatalytic activity for the MB photodegradation. The improvement in the photocatalytic activity of Zn0.3Sn0.7O2 is attributed to hetero‐junctions of the ZnO/SnO2. The effect of doping Ni, Co, and Mn ions on the photocatalytic properties are insignificant in the photocatalytic activity of SnO2. The recycling tests indicated that ZnO/SnO2 was quite stable and there is no decrease in photocatalytic activity after five times repetition, indicating a promising catalyst for commercial applications.

Preparation of Visible Light Active Ag‐ and N‐Doped KVMoO6: Photodegradation of Methylene Blue

“…To date, a large number of scientific investigations about the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous organic pollutants, such as aliphatic alcohols, alkenes, phenols, dyes, and aromatic compounds have been reported [21][22][23][24]. In the present investigation, we focused our attention on the degradation of methylene blue (MB), which is usually used as a probe contaminant to evaluate the activity of the photocatalyst.…”

Sn and SnO2 nanoparticles by pulsed plasma in liquid: Synthesis, characterization and applications

“…These results were compared with the photocatalytic activity of ZnO and SnO 2 nanostructures obtained using other methods; the data included in the comparison are shown in Table 3. The catalyst concentration in our measurement was the lowest, yet not big difference in their activity [34][35][36][37]. The results of these measurements demonstrated that MO and MB dyes could be effectively degraded by the SnO 2 photo-catalyst nanoparticles, which were synthesized using pulsed plasma in liquid method, under irradiation of UV light.…”

Structural, optical, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial activities of cobalt-doped tin oxide nanoparticles

“…Casados et al [4] show that pure tin oxide has photocatalytic properties similar to that of commercial titanium oxide (Degussa P25) under UV light irradiation in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) for reaction times in the range 0-1 h. However, due to the large band gap observed for SnO 2 , it can be photoactivated only by UV irradiation which constitutes only 4-5 % of the entire solar energy, leaving most of the visible portion of solar radiation. This limitation can be overcome by doping SnO 2 with transition metal ions such as Co, Ni, and Mn that extends the absorption spectrum from UV to visible regions, and therefore, the solar energy could be used effectively [8,9]. In addition to photocatalytic activity, inorganic metal oxides such as TiO 2 , ZnO, and SnO 2 doped with transition metal ions have received increasing attention in antimicrobial applications because such materials can achieve effective disinfection without the formation of any harmful by-products [10][11][12][13][14].…”