Decomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons using intense, penetrating bremsstrahlung

Matthews, Stephen M.; Boegel, A.J.; Loftis, J.A.; Caufield, R.A.; Mincher, Bruce J.; Meikrantz, D.H.; Murphy, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/0969-806x(93)90353-v

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The slope of the equation showed that concentrations of Cl radicals remained constant at 6.3 × 10 -4 ppmv (at 298 K and 1 bar), independent of concentrations of TCE and products under a dose rate of 2.1 kGy/s. (5) The values of G(-TCE) linearly increased with initial concentrations up to 1800 ppmv. Those of G(-PCE) linearly increased with the same slope of G(-TCE) up to 700 ppmv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Decomposition Mechanism for Electron Beam Irradiation of Vaporized Trichloroethylene−Air Mixtures

Hakoda¹,

Hirano²,

Fujiyama³

et al. 1999

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Decomposition of trichloroethylene (TCE) in electron beam irradiation was examined in order to get information on treatment of industrial off-gas. Air containing vaporized TCE was sealed into a glass vessel and irradiated with an electron beam. The concentration of TCE exponentially decreased with dose (air-absorbed energy). The doses necessary to decompose 90% of input TCE molecules had a value of 3.6 kGy independent of an initial concentrations ranging from 50 to 1800 ppmv. Between G values of decomposition and initial concentrations, the following equation was obtained:. The equation shows that concentrations of Cl radicals remained constant at 6.3 × 10 -4 ppmv (at 298 K and 1 bar) independent of concentrations of TCE and products under a dose rate of 2.1 kGy/s. Termination reactions in the decomposition mechanism for EB irradiation of TCE and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) were also clarified on the basis of the relation of G value of decomposition and the initial concentrations. Dichloroacetyl chloride, which was identified as a primary product, was decomposed and oxidized to give CO and CO 2 . Phosgene was also identified as a primary product. From the proportion of DCAC to COCl 2 concentrations, a branching ratio was calculated to be 5.3 in the Cl radical chain reaction of TCE. Formation of HCl and/or Cl 2 was analyzed and the collection of the products from the gas phase was examined with alkaline solution. The effect of water (400-25 000 ppmv) on decomposition efficiency was examined. The decomposition efficiencies had the same value as that in dry air.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Decomposition Mechanism for Electron Beam Irradiation of Vaporized Trichloroethylene−Air Mixtures

Hakoda¹,

Hirano²,

Fujiyama³

et al. 1999

J. Phys. Chem. A

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“…propanes, benzenes, phenols, and halogenated hydrocarbons in contaminated water by Cooper and Nickelsen at Florida International University with Waite and Kurucz at the University of Miami (18), and Matthews at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (19).…”

Section: An Organic Waste Destruction Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and industrial applications of pulsed power systems

Neau

1994

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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The technology base formed by the development of high peak power simulators, laser drivers, free electron lasers (FEL's), and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) drivers from the early 60's through the late 80's is being extended to high average power short-pulse machines with the capabilities of performing new roles in environmental cleanup applications and in supporting new types of industrial manufacturing processes. Some of these processes will require very high average beam power levels of hundreds of kilowatts to perhaps megawatts. In this paper we briefly discuss new technology capabilities and then concentrate on specific application areas that may benefit from the high specific energies and high average powers attainable with short-pulse machines. 011O5 1993 DtSTBIBU'I'ION OF THIS L._,..:I C,UME:NT IS UNLIMIFED OSTI ¢ ! such as the use of ethylene oxide or methyl bromide, which may, in turn, make accelerator treatment methods more appealing. To gain acceptance, the technology must be shown to offer a robust and cost effective solution to a specific need.

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“…propanes, benzenes, phenols, and halogenated hydrocarbons found in low concentration levels in contaminated water. (14,15) Oti_ers have shown effective destruction of pesticides and solvents such as Malathion ®, Lindane ®, carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride by electron beam irradiation. (16) The low levels of organics are removed when the irradiation of aqueous solutions creates the free radicals, e-aq , H*, and OH*.…”

Section: Destruction Of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed power systems for environmental and industrial applications

Neau¹

1994

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The development of high peak power simulators, laser drivers, free electron lasers, and Inertial Confinement Fusion drivers is being extended to high average power short-pulse machines with the capabilities of performing new roles in environmental cleanup and industrial manufacturing processes. We discuss a new class of short-pulse, high average power accelerator that achieves megavolt electron and ion beams with 10's of kiloamperes of current and average power levels in excess of 100 kW. Large treatment areas are possible with these systems because kilojoules of energy are available in each output pulse. These systems can use large area x-ray converters for applications requiring greater depth of penetration such as food pasteurization and waste treatment. The combined development of this class of accelerators and applications, at Sandia National Laboratories, is called Quantum Manufacturing. 1. This work performed at Sandia National Laboratories is supported by the US. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 and by SDIO.

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Decomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons using intense, penetrating bremsstrahlung

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Decomposition Mechanism for Electron Beam Irradiation of Vaporized Trichloroethylene−Air Mixtures

Decomposition Mechanism for Electron Beam Irradiation of Vaporized Trichloroethylene−Air Mixtures

Environmental and industrial applications of pulsed power systems

Pulsed power systems for environmental and industrial applications

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