Decomposition of benzyl phenyl ether over char-supported Ni: The effect of char structures

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Nonedible Oils for the Production of Renewable Aromatics Using Metal-Modified HZSM-5 Catalysts

“…Most catalytic cracking and aromatization processes for the production of aromatics have used zeolite catalysts with different pore sizes, such as HZSM-5, Al–MCM-41, beta, USY, and Al–SBA-15. 18 − 23 Because the HZSM-5 has an appropriate acid site, a high specific surface area, and an appropriate pore size, it has a better conversion efficiency. 24 − 26 However, the most important problem of HZSM-5 as a catalyst is the low yield and the selectivity of the target product, which is related to the relatively narrow pore size and the inappropriate acidity.…”

“…In fact, the catalyst is the soul of a catalytic conversion, and studies must find ways to ensure better selectivity, a high catalytic activity, and a long service life. Most catalytic cracking and aromatization processes for the production of aromatics have used zeolite catalysts with different pore sizes, such as HZSM-5, Al–MCM-41, beta, USY, and Al–SBA-15. − Because the HZSM-5 has an appropriate acid site, a high specific surface area, and an appropriate pore size, it has a better conversion efficiency. − However, the most important problem of HZSM-5 as a catalyst is the low yield and the selectivity of the target product, which is related to the relatively narrow pore size and the inappropriate acidity. − Many studies have proposed aromatization and coaromatization of lignocellulosic biomass or light hydrocarbons as feed over metal-modified HZSM-5 catalysts to improve the selectivity of HZSM-5 toward aromatics. − Aromatization of ethylene has been explored over HZSM-5 modified by the addition of Ag, Mo, Ni, Ga, or Zn due to the presence of metallic species and acid active sites that promote ethylene conversion and aromatization . In the study reported by Vichaphund et al, the synthesized metal/HZSM-5 catalysts improved the aromatic selectivity up to 91–97% and decreased the undesirable oxygenates, which loaded metals including Co, Ni, Mo, Ga, and Pd.…”

Molecular Weight Distribution and Dissolution Behavior of Lignin in Alkaline Solutions

“…Among these three components, lignin generally accounts for 15–30 wt% of dry biomass, and is composed of three basic structural units—guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane and p-hydroxyphenyl propane—randomly linked by C–O and C–C bonds ( Figure 1 ). Due to its unique structure, lignin is considered to be the sole renewable aromatic resource in nature [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The efficient conversion of lignin to fuels and chemicals has thus been recognized as the most promising way to substitute fossil resources.…”