Decomposition of 2-chlorophenol using a tourmaline–photocatalytic system

Enhanced photocatalytic discoloration of acid fuchsine wastewater by TiO2/schorl composite catalyst

“…In this work, it may be the addition of schorl that inhibits phase transformation of TiO 2 from anatase to rutile. Accordantly with our results, when 10 wt.% tourmaline mineral was loaded onto TiO 2 , rutile phase appeared at 800 • C [29]. The TiO 2 crystallite sizes for TS476-350, TS476-450, TS476-550, TS476-650, and TS476-750 are listed in Table 1.…”

“…This might be due to the fact that the content of schorl is so low that it cannot be detected by XRD. Similar results have been found and reported by Song's group, when they loaded 10 wt.% tourmaline mineral onto TiO 2 [29]. Based on the XRD results, the crystal size of TiO 2 was calculated by the Scherrer formula, i.e.…”

“…The TiO 2 crystallite sizes for TiO 2 , TS099-550, TS291-550, TS476-550, and TS654-550 are listed in Table 1. The data clearly reveal that, compared with pure TiO 2 , the addition of schorl can make the TiO 2 crystallite size smaller, which confirms that the electrostatic field on the schorl surface can strongly affect the nucleation and growth of TiO 2 [30] and matches the result reported by Song's group [29]. Moreover, the results of the surface area of these catalysts (Table 1) indicate that the surface area increases with the increasing amount of schorl.…”

The characterization of tourmaline and its effects on plant growth

“…The peak of Al 2p at 74.5 eV represent Al 2 O 3 . The Si 2p spectrum in which two peaks were observed at 102.2 eV and 102.7 eV can be attributed to the silicones (-R 2 SiO-) and silicates (SiO 2 ), respectively (Song & Kang, 2008). However, the tourmaline was dominantly composed of Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 .…”

“…Tourmaline is a complex silicate mineral groups. Mostly, it is a complex silicate of aluminum or other elements entering into the structure, such as sodium, calcium, iron, magnesium and lithium Song & kang, 2008).…”