Decomposition and combustion of HTPB-based composite propellants containing intercalated HMX crystals with desired high energy but low burn rate

Elaboration, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of New Nanoenergetic Composite Based on Hydrazine 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and Nanostructured Cellulose Nitrate

“…Furthermore, it is found that the measured densities of HNTO/NC and HNTO/NMCC are quite similar to their theoretical values with a percentage gap ( ) lower than 2%, which reveals that the open porosity of the as-prepared formulations is negligible, hence confirming their homogeneity with no bubble-contamination production during the mixing process [ 37 , 38 ]. Besides that, it is interesting to point out that the designed composites based on hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and nitrated cellulosic polymers have better densities than the commonly employed double base rocket propellants (1.55–1.66 g/cm 3 ) [ 36 , 39 ], which are comparable or slightly higher than those of some reported composite propellants and explosives [ 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Structural Control of Energetic Triaminoguanidine Nitrate Polymer Nanostructures for Reduced Thermal Reactivity

“…Incorporation of TAGP-modified HMX, so-called qy-HMX, into a composite propellant resulted in a significant reduction in burn rate and its pressure exponent. 26 For instance, at 3 MPa, the burn rate of the four-component propellant containing qy-HMX additive was measured to be 5.1 mm/s, while that of the propellant containing industrial-grade HMX reached 8.1 mm/s. Also, the pressure exponent was reduced from 0.47 to 0.33 at the pressure range of 0.5−3 MPa.…”

“…Moreover, it is reported that the quaternary ammonium and aldehyde-based structures in TAGP or TAGP-Ms have a great combustion suppression effect, so they can reduce the burning rate of high-energy solid propellants. Incorporation of TAGP-modified HMX, so-called qy-HMX, into a composite propellant resulted in a significant reduction in burn rate and its pressure exponent . For instance, at 3 MPa, the burn rate of the four-component propellant containing qy-HMX additive was measured to be 5.1 mm/s, while that of the propellant containing industrial-grade HMX reached 8.1 mm/s.…”

“…For instance, at 3 MPa, the burn rate of the four-component propellant containing qy-HMX additive was measured to be 5.1 mm/s, while that of the propellant containing industrial-grade HMX reached 8.1 mm/s. Also, the pressure exponent was reduced from 0.47 to 0.33 at the pressure range of 0.5–3 MPa . As an alternative method, the TAGP-Ms containing K + , Ba 2+ , and Ca 2+ were prepared as novel energetic burn rate inhibitors .…”

Precise Regulation of Combustion Characteristics of High-Energy Composite Propellants by Incorporation of CL-20 Crystals Intercalated with Energetic Burn Rate Modifiers

“…In comparison, triaminoguanidine, which can be obtained via the reaction between guanidinium salt and hydrazine has drawn much attention as a result of its higher nitrogen–hydrogen content . Recently, a molecular level 2D triaminoguanidine-glyoxal network material (so-called TAGP) structured with quaternary ammonium and aldehyde groups has been synthesized by our group and was used as energetic burn rate inhibitors for the suppression of burn rate for HMX-containing composite propellants. − The burn rate of the studied propellants was decreased from 8.09 to 5.10 mm·s –1 along with the reduction in pressure exponents from 0.473 to 0.332. In addition, TAGP can serve as a favorable ligand to be coordinated with alkaline metal ions such as Ba 2+ , K + , and Ca 2+ forming metal complexes, which has been demonstrated to have a negative catalytic effect on AP and RDX decomposition. , Therefore, the TAGP-related materials have great potential in applications of energetic burn rate inhibitors.…”