Decomposing Air Pollutant Emissions in Asia: Determinants and Projections

Rafaj, Peter; Amann, Markus

doi:10.3390/en11051299

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We estimated the total premature mortality attributed to exposure to ambient PM 2.5 in India as 1.1 (5–95 percentiles: 0.65–1.5) million premature deaths for 2012 in agreement with Cohen et al (). These numbers are likely larger now since emissions have increased during the last 5 years (Rafaj & Amann, ). Figure a and Table show the mortality for each cause of death due to exposure to ambient PM 2.5 over the six regions in India.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature Mortality Due to PM_2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions

et al. 2019

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The annual premature mortality in India attributed to exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exceeds 1 million (Cohen et al., 2017(Cohen et al., , https://doi.org/10.1016. Studies have estimated sector-specific premature mortality from ambient PM 2.5 exposure in India and shown residential energy use is the dominant contributing sector. In this study, we estimate the contribution of PM 2.5 and premature mortality from six regions of India in 2012 using the global chemical-transport model. We calculate how premature mortality in India is determined by the transport of pollution from different regions. Of the estimated 1.1 million annual premature deaths from PM 2.5 in India, about~60% was from anthropogenic pollutants emitted from within the region in which premature mortality occurred,~19% was from transport of anthropogenic pollutants between different regions within India,~16% was due to anthropogenic pollutants emitted outside of India, and~4% was associated with natural PM 2.5 sources. The emissions from Indo Gangetic Plain contributed to~46% of total premature mortality over India, followed by Southern India (13%). Indo Gangetic Plain also contributed (~8%) to the most premature mortalities in other regions of India through transport. More than 50% of the premature mortality in Northern, Eastern, Western, and Central India was due to transport of PM 2.5 from regions outside of these individual regions. Our results indicate that reduction in anthropogenic emissions over India, as well as its neighboring regions, will be required to reduce the health impact of ambient PM 2.5 in India.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature Mortality Due to PM_2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions

et al. 2019

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“…Similar findings are reported by [ 14 ] for Europe and by [ 15 ] for North America. Most recently, decoupling of economic development trends and SO 2 and NO x emissions and the critical role of policy interventions have been observed in China [ 16 – 18 ], but not yet in India [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing global air pollution: the scope for further policy interventions

Amann

Kiesewetter

Schöpp

et al. 2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Over the last decades, energy and pollution control policies combined with structural changes in the economy decoupled emission trends from economic growth, increasingly also in the developing world. It is found that effective implementation of the presently decided national pollution control regulations should allow further economic growth without major deterioration of ambient air quality, but will not be enough to reduce pollution levels in many world regions. A combination of ambitious policies focusing on pollution controls, energy and climate, agricultural production systems and addressing human consumption habits could drastically improve air quality throughout the world. By 2040, mean population exposure to PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources could be reduced by about 75% relative to 2015 and brought well below the WHO guideline in large areas of the world. While the implementation of the proposed technical measures is likely to be technically feasible in the future, the transformative changes of current practices will require strong political will, supported by a full appreciation of the multiple benefits. Improved air quality would avoid a large share of the current 3–9 million cases of premature deaths annually. At the same time, the measures that deliver clean air would also significantly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and contribute to multiple UN sustainable development goals. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.

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“…based on sector-level or region-level analyses [43][44][45][46] , we adopt the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method 31,32 to decompose pollutants emission using firm-level data. For non-power sectors, according to existing studies 44,[47][48][49][50][51][52] , emission is calculated by the following formula:…”

Section: Decomposition Of Air Pollutants (So2 Nox and Pm) Emissions In Contrast To Current Researchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution reduction and climate co-benefits in China’s industries

et al. 2021

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Air pollution reduction policies can also mitigate CO2 emissions simultaneously in the industrial sector, but the extent of these co-benefits is understudied. We analyse the potential co-benefits for SO2, NOx, particulate matter (PM) and CO2 emissions reduction in major industrial sectors in China. We construct and analyse a firm-level database covering more than 75 thousand observations and scenario simulations are used to estimate the co-benefits. The findings show that substantial co-benefits could be achieved with three specific interventions. Energy intensity improvement can reduce SO2, NOx, PM and CO2 emissions by 26-44%, 19-44%, 25-46% and 18-50% respectively. Reductions from scale structure adjustment such as phasing out small firms and developing large ones can amount to 1-8%, 1-6%, 2-20% and 0.2-3%. Electrification can reduce emissions by 19-25%, 4-28%, 20-29% and 11-12% if the share of electricity generated from nonfossil fuel sources is 70%. The former two interventions have already been put into practice while the third intervention is regarded as a significant contributor for realizing China's carbon neutrality target. Since firm heterogeneity is the essential source for realizing the co-benefits and it directly determines the magnitude of the co-benefits, stricter and sensible environmental policies targeting industrial firms can accelerate China's sustainable transformation.China is seizing opportunities to achieve its climate commitment to the Pairs Agreement of UNFCCC, while the overall energy-related CO2 emission continues to rise after a small trough in 2016. Domestically, China has battled air pollution for more than thirty years 1 . Although great achievements have been made, China is still facing severe environmental challenges 2,3 . In 2018, only 121 out of 338 cities at and above the prefecture level met the national air quality standard 4 . Among all emission sources, industrial sectors contributed more than 80% of national sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission, more than 60% of national nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions 5 , and more than 80% of national carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions 6 ; therefore, it is still the first priority to strengthen

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Decomposing Air Pollutant Emissions in Asia: Determinants and Projections

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Premature Mortality Due to PM_2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions

Premature Mortality Due to PM_2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions

Reducing global air pollution: the scope for further policy interventions

Air pollution reduction and climate co-benefits in China’s industries

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Decomposing Air Pollutant Emissions in Asia: Determinants and Projections

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Premature Mortality Due to PM2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions

Premature Mortality Due to PM2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions

Reducing global air pollution: the scope for further policy interventions

Air pollution reduction and climate co-benefits in China’s industries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Premature Mortality Due to PM_2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions

Premature Mortality Due to PM_2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions