“…In recent times, the accelerated growth of industries has resulted in significant environmental challenges, notably the issue of water pollution and its consequential impacts on both aquatic ecosystems and human health. , Various types of pollutants are discharged into the surroundings as a result of industrial operations, including dyes, pesticides, heavy metals, antibiotics, petrochemicals, and bacteria. , All of these aforementioned concerns possess substantial gravity, representing catastrophic challenges that pose a direct threat to the well-being of both human beings and all other forms of life . Synthetic dyes are aromatic organic compounds that serve as crucial coloring agents for various sectors such as paper, plastic, leather, printing, and textiles. , Hence, it has been stated that an estimated quantity of over 7 × 10 5 tons annually of dyes manufactured is being discharged as contaminants into the natural environment and aquatic ecosystems . The majority of synthetic dyes are known to possess toxicity and nondegradability, leading to a range of adverse consequences, including dermatitis, allergies, cancer, teratogenicity, skin irritation, carcinogenicity, and kidney damage. , Furthermore, the migration of dye molecules has adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem, specifically impacting the photosynthetic activity and overall bioactivity of the species present.…”