Decolourisation of toxic azo dye Fast Red E by three bacterial strains: process optimisation and toxicity assessment

Masarbo, Ramesh S.; Karegoudar, T. B.

doi:10.1080/03067319.2020.1759048

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…strain VKY1, which showed the ability to decolorize up to 93% of fast red E at a given concentration. 32 The effect of pH on decolorization of amaranth RI and fast red E showed best results at 7.0 and 8.0, respectively. Decolorization of acid orange dye by Staphylococcus hominis RMLRT03 strain was found in the pH range 6.0-8.0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The strength of the food industry's use of fast red E is well known. 32 In the work reported here, an attempt was made to decolorize amaranth RI and fast red E dyes using thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovorans KNG 112. The effects of various factors like pH, temperature and carbon and nitrogen sources were also studied to establish the optimum conditions for the decolorization process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decolorization of amaranth RI and fast red E azo dyes by thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovoransKNG 112

Rajashekarappa

Mahadevan²,

Neelagund

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Accumulation of industrial dyes in wastewater creates not only environmental problems, but also medical and aesthetic problems. Removal of synthetic dyes from contaminated hot textile industrial discharge is a fundamental issue. Herein, the microbial decolorization of azo dyes amaranth RI and fast red E was studied. The decolorization process was studied in terms of various physicochemical and analytical parameters.RESULTS: The azo dye decolorization efficiency was improved with beef extract and maltose as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. At 55 °C, Geobacillus thermoleovorans KNG 112 showed the maximum decolorization for both amaranth RI and fast red E at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis revealed the formation of amide, nitrosamine, aromatic and carbonyl compounds, alkyne, alkane, alcohol and alkyl halide groups after dye decolorization. Mixed dye (amaranth RI and fast red E) decolorization resulted in formation of various alkyl acetals, amines (nitrosamines, secondary and tertiary amines) azo groups and alkyl chloride. Furthermore, phytotoxic effect of azo dyes on the germination of fenugreek and green gram showed no inhibitory effects; however, more and rapid germination compared to the control group was observed.CONCLUSIONS: The results lead to the conclusion that the optimization of G. thermoleovorans KNG 112 for removal of azo dyes could have applications in decontamination of hot industrial discharges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolorization of amaranth RI and fast red E azo dyes by thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovoransKNG 112

Rajashekarappa

Mahadevan²,

Neelagund

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…The currently used dye removal methods are summarized in Figure 3 . Several enzymes, such as hydrolases, laccases, azoreductases, and lignin peroxidases, are effective in cleaving the aromatic rings and amines of dye molecules [ 9 , 48 , 81 , 82 ]. Specifically, the azoreductase activity of a mixed extremophilic bacteria was found to be optimal at 70 °C and stable at temperatures above 50 °C and in a wide pH range of 4–9 [ 57 ].…”

Section: Enzyme-linked Bioremediation Of Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Bio-Inspired Degradation of Toxic Dyes Using Potential Multi-Enzyme Producing Extremophiles

et al. 2023

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Biological treatment methods overcome many of the drawbacks of physicochemical strategies and play a significant role in removing dye contamination for environmental sustainability. Numerous microorganisms have been investigated as promising dye-degrading candidates because of their high metabolic potential. However, few can be applied on a large scale because of the extremely harsh conditions in effluents polluted with multiple dyes, such as alkaline pH, high salinity/heavy metals/dye concentration, high temperature, and oxidative stress. Therefore, extremophilic microorganisms offer enormous opportunities for practical biodegradation processes as they are naturally adapted to multi-stress conditions due to the special structure of their cell wall, capsule, S-layer proteins, extracellular polymer substances (EPS), and siderophores structural and functional properties such as poly-enzymes produced. This review provides scientific information for a broader understanding of general dyes, their toxicity, and their harmful effects. The advantages and disadvantages of physicochemical methods are also highlighted and compared to those of microbial strategies. New techniques and methodologies used in recent studies are briefly summarized and discussed. In particular, this study addresses the key adaptation mechanisms, whole-cell, enzymatic degradation, and non-enzymatic pathways in aerobic, anaerobic, and combination conditions of extremophiles in dye degradation and decolorization. Furthermore, they have special metabolic pathways and protein frameworks that contribute significantly to the complete mineralization and decolorization of the dye when all functions are turned on. The high potential efficiency of microbial degradation by unculturable and multi-enzyme-producing extremophiles remains a question that needs to be answered in practical research.

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“…Bacteria have enzymes as such oxidoreductive, veratryl alcohol oxidase, azoreductase, laccase, and peroxidase, which allow them to break down the dyes in industrial wastewater and effluents [ 41 , 42 ]. Bacterial degradation of azo dyes in textile and tanning effluents usually involves two steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Red by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Optimization of Process Conditions

Ikram

Naeem

Zahoor

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Water pollution due to textile dyes is a serious threat to every life form. Bacteria can degrade and detoxify toxic dyes present in textile effluents and wastewater. The present study aimed to evaluate the degradation potential of eleven bacterial strains for azo dye methyl red. The optimum degradation efficiency was obtained using P. aeruginosa. It was found from initial screening results that P. aeruginosa is the most potent strain with 81.49% degradation activity and hence it was subsequently used in other degradation experiments. To optimize the degradation conditions, a number of experiments were conducted where only one variable was varied at a time and where maximum degradation was observed at 20 ppm dye concentration, 1666.67 mg/L glucose concentration, 666.66 mg/L sodium chloride concentration, pH 9, temperature 40 °C, 1000 mg/L urea concentration, 3 days incubation period, and 66.66 mg/L hydroquinone (redox mediator). The interactive effect of pH, incubation time, temperature, and dye concentration in a second-order quadratic optimization of process conditions was found to further enhance the biodegradation efficiency of P. aeruginosa by 88.37%. The metabolites of the aliquot mixture of the optimized conditions were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), GC-MS, proton, and carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. FTIR results confirmed the reduction of the azo bond of methyl red. The Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results revealed that the degraded dye contains benzoic acid and o-xylene as the predominant constituents. Even benzoic acid was isolated from the silica gel column and identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These results indicated that P. aeruginosa can be utilized as an efficient strain for the detoxification and remediation of industrial wastewater containing methyl red and other azo dyes.

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Decolourisation of toxic azo dye Fast Red E by three bacterial strains: process optimisation and toxicity assessment

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Decolorization of amaranth RI and fast red E azo dyes by thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovoransKNG 112

Decolorization of amaranth RI and fast red E azo dyes by thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovoransKNG 112

Investigating Bio-Inspired Degradation of Toxic Dyes Using Potential Multi-Enzyme Producing Extremophiles

Biodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Red by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Optimization of Process Conditions

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